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Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis

This paper presents the evaluation of soil flexibility at the vicinity of the Bakun HEP Dam, the largest in East Malaysia. The dam is located in the Belaga District of Sarawak, approximately 50 km from the active Tubau and Bukit Mersing fault lines. This area experienced earthquakes of magnitudes...

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Main Authors: Raudhah, Ahmadi, Muhammad Haniz Azahari, Muhamad Suhaili, Imtiyaz, Akbar Najar, Muhammad Azmi, Ladi, Nisa Aqila, Bakie, Ahmed Faysal, Abdullahi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development 2021
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/36648/1/flexibility1.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/36648/
http://insightsociety.org/ojaseit/index.php/ijaseit/article/view/12281
http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.11.4.12281
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spelling my.unimas.ir.366482021-11-09T03:35:47Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/36648/ Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis Raudhah, Ahmadi Muhammad Haniz Azahari, Muhamad Suhaili Imtiyaz, Akbar Najar Muhammad Azmi, Ladi Nisa Aqila, Bakie Ahmed Faysal, Abdullahi T Technology (General) TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology This paper presents the evaluation of soil flexibility at the vicinity of the Bakun HEP Dam, the largest in East Malaysia. The dam is located in the Belaga District of Sarawak, approximately 50 km from the active Tubau and Bukit Mersing fault lines. This area experienced earthquakes of magnitudes ranging between 3.5 and 5.4 during the period from 1994 and 2010. This study used global and local earthquake records to evaluate the site-specific seismic hazard using a 1-D equivalent linear analysis. SPT data from 15 boreholes are utilized. Soil flexibility, factor of safety, liquefaction probability and potential index are evaluated to find the ground settlement and soil liquefaction effects. The results show that the ground amplification of Belaga District is between 2.445 and 5.146, while the peak ground accelerations (PGA) at ground surface are at a maximum average of 0.25g PGA. The soil factors for Bakun District range from 2.6 - 3.0, for 2% POE in 50 years. This corresponds to a 2475-year return period. The response spectra are found matching with the target design response spectra for Sarawak as reported in the Malaysia National Annex (MS EN 1998-1:2015). The effects of soil liquefaction are found to be insignificant, as a result the nearby Bakun HEP dam is considered safe from any ground settlement. This study highlights the importance of evaluating the ability of new or existing structures in Belaga District to withstand up to 0.25g PGA in case any seismic event should occur in the future. Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development 2021-08-31 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/36648/1/flexibility1.pdf Raudhah, Ahmadi and Muhammad Haniz Azahari, Muhamad Suhaili and Imtiyaz, Akbar Najar and Muhammad Azmi, Ladi and Nisa Aqila, Bakie and Ahmed Faysal, Abdullahi (2021) Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 11 (4). pp. 1535-1542. ISSN 2088-5334 http://insightsociety.org/ojaseit/index.php/ijaseit/article/view/12281 http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.11.4.12281
institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.unimas.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
Raudhah, Ahmadi
Muhammad Haniz Azahari, Muhamad Suhaili
Imtiyaz, Akbar Najar
Muhammad Azmi, Ladi
Nisa Aqila, Bakie
Ahmed Faysal, Abdullahi
Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis
description This paper presents the evaluation of soil flexibility at the vicinity of the Bakun HEP Dam, the largest in East Malaysia. The dam is located in the Belaga District of Sarawak, approximately 50 km from the active Tubau and Bukit Mersing fault lines. This area experienced earthquakes of magnitudes ranging between 3.5 and 5.4 during the period from 1994 and 2010. This study used global and local earthquake records to evaluate the site-specific seismic hazard using a 1-D equivalent linear analysis. SPT data from 15 boreholes are utilized. Soil flexibility, factor of safety, liquefaction probability and potential index are evaluated to find the ground settlement and soil liquefaction effects. The results show that the ground amplification of Belaga District is between 2.445 and 5.146, while the peak ground accelerations (PGA) at ground surface are at a maximum average of 0.25g PGA. The soil factors for Bakun District range from 2.6 - 3.0, for 2% POE in 50 years. This corresponds to a 2475-year return period. The response spectra are found matching with the target design response spectra for Sarawak as reported in the Malaysia National Annex (MS EN 1998-1:2015). The effects of soil liquefaction are found to be insignificant, as a result the nearby Bakun HEP dam is considered safe from any ground settlement. This study highlights the importance of evaluating the ability of new or existing structures in Belaga District to withstand up to 0.25g PGA in case any seismic event should occur in the future.
format Article
author Raudhah, Ahmadi
Muhammad Haniz Azahari, Muhamad Suhaili
Imtiyaz, Akbar Najar
Muhammad Azmi, Ladi
Nisa Aqila, Bakie
Ahmed Faysal, Abdullahi
author_facet Raudhah, Ahmadi
Muhammad Haniz Azahari, Muhamad Suhaili
Imtiyaz, Akbar Najar
Muhammad Azmi, Ladi
Nisa Aqila, Bakie
Ahmed Faysal, Abdullahi
author_sort Raudhah, Ahmadi
title Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis
title_short Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis
title_full Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis
title_fullStr Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation on the Soil Flexibility of the Largest HEP Dam Area in East Malaysia using 1-D Equivalent Linear Analysis
title_sort evaluation on the soil flexibility of the largest hep dam area in east malaysia using 1-d equivalent linear analysis
publisher Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development
publishDate 2021
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/36648/1/flexibility1.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/36648/
http://insightsociety.org/ojaseit/index.php/ijaseit/article/view/12281
http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.11.4.12281
_version_ 1717097755586854912
score 13.211869

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