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Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum

Melamine (MEL) is a multipurpose compound which is capable to produce numerous useful products, however, MEL exploitation in many industries brought adverse effects to both mankind and environment. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is one of the methods that can be employed to solve problems reg...

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Main Author: Rachel Marcella, Roland
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2019
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27484/1/Rachel%20Marcella%20ft.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27484/
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spelling my.unimas.ir.274842023-06-27T09:08:18Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27484/ Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum Rachel Marcella, Roland Q Science (General) QD Chemistry Melamine (MEL) is a multipurpose compound which is capable to produce numerous useful products, however, MEL exploitation in many industries brought adverse effects to both mankind and environment. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is one of the methods that can be employed to solve problems regarding to MEL exploitation. MIT produce robust polymers called as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which can be applied to remove MEL from milk, river water and human blood serum. MIPs of MEL were synthesized using the non – covalent molecular imprinting method via precipitation polymerization (PP) and microemulsion polymerization (MP). In this research, MEL as a template molecule and 2,2’–azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator were used in both polymerization methods. For PP, acrylamide (AAm), a functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB), a cross–linker, were dissolved in the mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN). Meanwhile, for MP, acrylic acid (AA) acts as a functional monomer and N,N’–methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBAm) as a cross–linker, were dissolved in microemulsion solution. All MIPs and non–imprinted polymers (NIPs) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra–Red spectroscopy (FT–IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyzer. The thermal study of imprinted polymers was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption studies of the polymers were observed at 240 nm by using Reversed–Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP–HPLC). MIP 3 (PP) exhibited the highest rebinding efficiency which was 56.41% while NIP (PP) had lowest rebinding efficiency which was 16.31%. Similarly, MIP (MP) had attained higher rebinding efficiency of 61.98% than that NIP (MP) of 20.23%. Other adsorption studies including adsorbent dosages of polymer, initial concentrations and pH of melamine solution were successfully conducted on polymers synthesized by both polymerization methods. The results showed that both of the MIPs synthesized by PP and MP performed their highest adsorption efficiency in condition of 0.5 g of polymer, 25 ppm MEL solution and at neutral condition of pH 7 of 89.53% and 90.80%, respectively. For selectivity test, the relative selectivity coefficient of MEL and 2,4,6–trichlorophenol (2,4,6–TCP), a competitive molecule on MIPs and NIPs by PP and MP were 1.66 and 1.83, respectively. The removal efficiency of MEL by MIP 3 (PP) in milk (81.97%), river water (91.52%) and human blood serum (90.66%) were much higher than by NIP (PP). Likewise, the MIP (MP) had higher removal efficiency of MEL in milk, river water and human blood serum which were 84.30%, 94.26% and 93.32%, respectively as compared to NIP (MP). Therefore, the highest removal efficiencies of MEL are successfully attained by the imprinted polymers with molar ratio of 0.5 mol of MEL, the template molecule, 3.0 mol of functional monomer and 20.0 mol of cross linker. Keywords : Melamine, molecular imprinted polymer, precipitation polymerization, microemulsion polymerization, characterizations, adsorption study, selectivity test Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2019-10-15 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27484/1/Rachel%20Marcella%20ft.pdf Rachel Marcella, Roland (2019) Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).
institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.unimas.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
QD Chemistry
Rachel Marcella, Roland
Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum
description Melamine (MEL) is a multipurpose compound which is capable to produce numerous useful products, however, MEL exploitation in many industries brought adverse effects to both mankind and environment. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is one of the methods that can be employed to solve problems regarding to MEL exploitation. MIT produce robust polymers called as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which can be applied to remove MEL from milk, river water and human blood serum. MIPs of MEL were synthesized using the non – covalent molecular imprinting method via precipitation polymerization (PP) and microemulsion polymerization (MP). In this research, MEL as a template molecule and 2,2’–azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator were used in both polymerization methods. For PP, acrylamide (AAm), a functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB), a cross–linker, were dissolved in the mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN). Meanwhile, for MP, acrylic acid (AA) acts as a functional monomer and N,N’–methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBAm) as a cross–linker, were dissolved in microemulsion solution. All MIPs and non–imprinted polymers (NIPs) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra–Red spectroscopy (FT–IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyzer. The thermal study of imprinted polymers was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption studies of the polymers were observed at 240 nm by using Reversed–Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP–HPLC). MIP 3 (PP) exhibited the highest rebinding efficiency which was 56.41% while NIP (PP) had lowest rebinding efficiency which was 16.31%. Similarly, MIP (MP) had attained higher rebinding efficiency of 61.98% than that NIP (MP) of 20.23%. Other adsorption studies including adsorbent dosages of polymer, initial concentrations and pH of melamine solution were successfully conducted on polymers synthesized by both polymerization methods. The results showed that both of the MIPs synthesized by PP and MP performed their highest adsorption efficiency in condition of 0.5 g of polymer, 25 ppm MEL solution and at neutral condition of pH 7 of 89.53% and 90.80%, respectively. For selectivity test, the relative selectivity coefficient of MEL and 2,4,6–trichlorophenol (2,4,6–TCP), a competitive molecule on MIPs and NIPs by PP and MP were 1.66 and 1.83, respectively. The removal efficiency of MEL by MIP 3 (PP) in milk (81.97%), river water (91.52%) and human blood serum (90.66%) were much higher than by NIP (PP). Likewise, the MIP (MP) had higher removal efficiency of MEL in milk, river water and human blood serum which were 84.30%, 94.26% and 93.32%, respectively as compared to NIP (MP). Therefore, the highest removal efficiencies of MEL are successfully attained by the imprinted polymers with molar ratio of 0.5 mol of MEL, the template molecule, 3.0 mol of functional monomer and 20.0 mol of cross linker. Keywords : Melamine, molecular imprinted polymer, precipitation polymerization, microemulsion polymerization, characterizations, adsorption study, selectivity test
format Thesis
author Rachel Marcella, Roland
author_facet Rachel Marcella, Roland
author_sort Rachel Marcella, Roland
title Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum
title_short Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum
title_full Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum
title_fullStr Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal of Melamine from Milk, River Water and Human Blood Serum
title_sort synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for the removal of melamine from milk, river water and human blood serum
publisher Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
publishDate 2019
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27484/1/Rachel%20Marcella%20ft.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/27484/
_version_ 1770555398134169600
score 13.211869

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