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Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories

Background: Non-human primates have long been identified to harbour different species of Plasmodium. Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), in particular, are reservoirs for P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi. A previous study conducted in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, h...

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Main Authors: Thamayanthi, Nada Raja, Ting, Huey Hu, Ramlah, binti Zainudin, Kim, Sung Lee, Perkins, Susan L., Balbir, Singh
Format: E-Article
Language:English
Published: BioMed Central Ltd. 2018
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
QR Microbiology
Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20183/1/Malaria%20parasites%20of%20long-tailed%20macaques%20in%20Sarawak%20%28abstract%29.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20183/
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045139515&doi=10.1186%2fs12862-018-1170-9&partnerID=40&md5=1db9ec39ec3be6ea37513eb0e48a31dd
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spelling my.unimas.ir.201832019-07-08T04:08:40Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20183/ Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories Thamayanthi, Nada Raja Ting, Huey Hu Ramlah, binti Zainudin Kim, Sung Lee Perkins, Susan L. Balbir, Singh Q Science (General) QR Microbiology Background: Non-human primates have long been identified to harbour different species of Plasmodium. Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), in particular, are reservoirs for P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi. A previous study conducted in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, however revealed that long-tailed macaques could potentially harbour novel species of Plasmodium based on sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA and circumsporozoite genes. To further validate this finding, the mitochondrial genome and the apicoplast caseinolytic protease M genes of Plasmodium spp. were sequenced from 43 long-tailed macaque blood samples. Results: Apart from several named species of malaria parasites, long-tailed macaques were found to be potentially infected with novel species of Plasmodium, namely one we refer to as "P. inui-like." This group of parasites bifurcated into two monophyletic clades indicating the presence of two distinct sub-populations. Further analyses, which relied on the assumption of strict co-phylogeny between hosts and parasites, estimated a population expansion event of between 150,000 to 250,000 years before present of one of these sub-populations that preceded that of the expansion of P. knowlesi. Furthermore, both sub-populations were found to have diverged from a common ancestor of P. inui approximately 1.5 million years ago. In addition, the phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that long-tailed macaques are new hosts for P. simiovale. Conclusions: Malaria infections of long-tailed macaques of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo are complex and include a novel species of Plasmodium that is phylogenetically distinct from P. inui. These macaques are new natural hosts of P. simiovale, a species previously described only in toque monkeys (Macaca sinica) in Sri Lanka. The results suggest that ecological factors could affect the evolution of malaria parasites. © 2018 The Author(s). BioMed Central Ltd. 2018-04-10 E-Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20183/1/Malaria%20parasites%20of%20long-tailed%20macaques%20in%20Sarawak%20%28abstract%29.pdf Thamayanthi, Nada Raja and Ting, Huey Hu and Ramlah, binti Zainudin and Kim, Sung Lee and Perkins, Susan L. and Balbir, Singh (2018) Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18 (1). ISSN 1471-2148 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045139515&doi=10.1186%2fs12862-018-1170-9&partnerID=40&md5=1db9ec39ec3be6ea37513eb0e48a31dd DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1170-9
institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.unimas.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
QR Microbiology
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
QR Microbiology
Thamayanthi, Nada Raja
Ting, Huey Hu
Ramlah, binti Zainudin
Kim, Sung Lee
Perkins, Susan L.
Balbir, Singh
Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories
description Background: Non-human primates have long been identified to harbour different species of Plasmodium. Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), in particular, are reservoirs for P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi. A previous study conducted in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, however revealed that long-tailed macaques could potentially harbour novel species of Plasmodium based on sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA and circumsporozoite genes. To further validate this finding, the mitochondrial genome and the apicoplast caseinolytic protease M genes of Plasmodium spp. were sequenced from 43 long-tailed macaque blood samples. Results: Apart from several named species of malaria parasites, long-tailed macaques were found to be potentially infected with novel species of Plasmodium, namely one we refer to as "P. inui-like." This group of parasites bifurcated into two monophyletic clades indicating the presence of two distinct sub-populations. Further analyses, which relied on the assumption of strict co-phylogeny between hosts and parasites, estimated a population expansion event of between 150,000 to 250,000 years before present of one of these sub-populations that preceded that of the expansion of P. knowlesi. Furthermore, both sub-populations were found to have diverged from a common ancestor of P. inui approximately 1.5 million years ago. In addition, the phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that long-tailed macaques are new hosts for P. simiovale. Conclusions: Malaria infections of long-tailed macaques of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo are complex and include a novel species of Plasmodium that is phylogenetically distinct from P. inui. These macaques are new natural hosts of P. simiovale, a species previously described only in toque monkeys (Macaca sinica) in Sri Lanka. The results suggest that ecological factors could affect the evolution of malaria parasites. © 2018 The Author(s).
format E-Article
author Thamayanthi, Nada Raja
Ting, Huey Hu
Ramlah, binti Zainudin
Kim, Sung Lee
Perkins, Susan L.
Balbir, Singh
author_facet Thamayanthi, Nada Raja
Ting, Huey Hu
Ramlah, binti Zainudin
Kim, Sung Lee
Perkins, Susan L.
Balbir, Singh
author_sort Thamayanthi, Nada Raja
title Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories
title_short Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories
title_full Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories
title_fullStr Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories
title_full_unstemmed Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: A novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories
title_sort malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in sarawak, malaysian borneo: a novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories
publisher BioMed Central Ltd.
publishDate 2018
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20183/1/Malaria%20parasites%20of%20long-tailed%20macaques%20in%20Sarawak%20%28abstract%29.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20183/
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045139515&doi=10.1186%2fs12862-018-1170-9&partnerID=40&md5=1db9ec39ec3be6ea37513eb0e48a31dd
_version_ 1644513212873310208
score 13.211869

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