Staff View: Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia

Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia

Background: Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi are two malaria parasites naturally transmissible between humans and wild macaque through mosquito vectors, while Plasmodium inui can be experimentally transmitted from macaques to humans. One of their major natural hosts, the long-tailed maca...

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Main Authors:	Xinjun, Zhang, Khamisah, Abdul Kadir, Leslie Fabiola, Quintanilla‑Zariñan, Villano, Jason, Houghton, Paul, Hongli, Du, Balbir, Singh
Format:	E-Article
Language:	English
Published:	BioMed Central Ltd. 2016
Subjects:	R Medicine (General) RA Public aspects of medicine
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13941/1/Distribution%20and%C2%A0prevalence.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13941/ https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985038283&partnerID=40&md5=10c0463205ce014dc4af6c2e854ea715
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spelling	my.unimas.ir.139412017-02-17T01:46:57Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13941/ Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia Xinjun, Zhang Khamisah, Abdul Kadir Leslie Fabiola, Quintanilla‑Zariñan Villano, Jason Houghton, Paul Hongli, Du Balbir, Singh R Medicine (General) RA Public aspects of medicine Background: Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi are two malaria parasites naturally transmissible between humans and wild macaque through mosquito vectors, while Plasmodium inui can be experimentally transmitted from macaques to humans. One of their major natural hosts, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), is host to two other species of Plasmodium (Plasmodium fieldi and Plasmodium coatneyi) and is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. This study aims to determine the distribution of wild macaques infected with malarial parasites by examining samples derived from seven populations in five countries across Southeast Asia. Methods: Plasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi, P. inui and P. fieldi, were detected using nested PCR assays in DNA samples from 276 wild-caught long-tailed macaques. These samples had been derived from macaques captured at seven locations, two each in the Philippines (n = 68) and Indonesia (n = 70), and one each in Cambodia (n = 54), Singapore (n = 40) and Laos (n = 44). The results were compared with previous studies of malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques from other locations in Southeast Asia. Fisher exact test and Chi square test were used to examine the geographic bias of the distribution of Plasmodium species in the macaque populations. Results: Out of 276 samples tested, 177 were Plasmodium-positive, with P. cynomolgi being the most common and widely distributed among all long-tailed macaque populations (53.3 %) and occurring in all populations examined, followed by P. coatneyi (20.4 %), P. inui (12.3 %), P. fieldi (3.4 %) and P. knowlesi (0.4 %). One P. knowlesi infection was detected in a macaque from Laos, representing the first documented case of P. knowlesi in wildlife in Laos. Chi square test showed three of the five parasites (P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi) with significant bias in prevalence towards macaques from Malaysian Borneo, Cambodia, and Southern Sumatra, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of malaria parasites, including those that are transmissible to humans, varied among all sampled regional populations of long-tailed macaques in Southeast Asia. The new discovery of P. knowlesi infection in Laos, and the high prevalence of P. cynomolgi infections in wild macaques in general, indicate the strong need of public advocacy in related countries BioMed Central Ltd. 2016-09-02 E-Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13941/1/Distribution%20and%C2%A0prevalence.pdf Xinjun, Zhang and Khamisah, Abdul Kadir and Leslie Fabiola, Quintanilla‑Zariñan and Villano, Jason and Houghton, Paul and Hongli, Du and Balbir, Singh (2016) Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia. Malaria Journal, 15 (1). pp. 1-8. ISSN 14752875 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985038283&partnerID=40&md5=10c0463205ce014dc4af6c2e854ea715 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1494-0
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building	Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://ir.unimas.my/
language	English
topic	R Medicine (General) RA Public aspects of medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine (General) RA Public aspects of medicine Xinjun, Zhang Khamisah, Abdul Kadir Leslie Fabiola, Quintanilla‑Zariñan Villano, Jason Houghton, Paul Hongli, Du Balbir, Singh Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia
description	Background: Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi are two malaria parasites naturally transmissible between humans and wild macaque through mosquito vectors, while Plasmodium inui can be experimentally transmitted from macaques to humans. One of their major natural hosts, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), is host to two other species of Plasmodium (Plasmodium fieldi and Plasmodium coatneyi) and is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. This study aims to determine the distribution of wild macaques infected with malarial parasites by examining samples derived from seven populations in five countries across Southeast Asia. Methods: Plasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi, P. inui and P. fieldi, were detected using nested PCR assays in DNA samples from 276 wild-caught long-tailed macaques. These samples had been derived from macaques captured at seven locations, two each in the Philippines (n = 68) and Indonesia (n = 70), and one each in Cambodia (n = 54), Singapore (n = 40) and Laos (n = 44). The results were compared with previous studies of malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques from other locations in Southeast Asia. Fisher exact test and Chi square test were used to examine the geographic bias of the distribution of Plasmodium species in the macaque populations. Results: Out of 276 samples tested, 177 were Plasmodium-positive, with P. cynomolgi being the most common and widely distributed among all long-tailed macaque populations (53.3 %) and occurring in all populations examined, followed by P. coatneyi (20.4 %), P. inui (12.3 %), P. fieldi (3.4 %) and P. knowlesi (0.4 %). One P. knowlesi infection was detected in a macaque from Laos, representing the first documented case of P. knowlesi in wildlife in Laos. Chi square test showed three of the five parasites (P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi) with significant bias in prevalence towards macaques from Malaysian Borneo, Cambodia, and Southern Sumatra, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of malaria parasites, including those that are transmissible to humans, varied among all sampled regional populations of long-tailed macaques in Southeast Asia. The new discovery of P. knowlesi infection in Laos, and the high prevalence of P. cynomolgi infections in wild macaques in general, indicate the strong need of public advocacy in related countries
format	E-Article
author	Xinjun, Zhang Khamisah, Abdul Kadir Leslie Fabiola, Quintanilla‑Zariñan Villano, Jason Houghton, Paul Hongli, Du Balbir, Singh
author_facet	Xinjun, Zhang Khamisah, Abdul Kadir Leslie Fabiola, Quintanilla‑Zariñan Villano, Jason Houghton, Paul Hongli, Du Balbir, Singh
author_sort	Xinjun, Zhang
title	Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia
title_short	Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia
title_full	Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia
title_fullStr	Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia
title_sort	distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across southeast asia
publisher	BioMed Central Ltd.
publishDate	2016
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13941/1/Distribution%20and%C2%A0prevalence.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13941/ https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985038283&partnerID=40&md5=10c0463205ce014dc4af6c2e854ea715
_version_	1644511784841773056
score	13.211869

Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia

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