Solar photolysis versus TiO2-mediated solar photocatalysis: a kinetic study of the degradation of naproxen and diclofenac in various water matrices
Given that drugs and their degradation products are likely to occur as concoctions in wastewater, the degradation of a mixture of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX), was investigated by solar photolysis and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated sol...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | E-Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Verlag
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/12536/1/Solar-photolysis-versus%209abstract%29.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/12536/ https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971596982&origin=inward&txGid=0 |
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| Summary: | Given that drugs and their degradation products are
likely to occur as concoctions in wastewater, the degradation
of a mixture of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX), was investigated
by solar photolysis and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated
solar photocatalysis using an immersion-well
photoreactor. An equimolar ratio (1:1) of both NSAIDs in
distilled water, drinking water, and river water was subjected
to solar degradation. Solar photolysis of the DCF and NPX
mixture was competitive particularly in drinking water and
river water, as both drugs have the ability to undergo photolysis.
However, the addition of TiO2 in the mixture significantly
enhanced the degradation rate of both APIs compared to
solar photolysis alone. Mineralization, as measured by chemical
oxygen demand (COD), was incomplete under all
conditions investigated. TiO2-mediated solar photocatalytic
degradation of DCF and NPX mixtures produced 15 identifiable
degradants corresponding to degradation of the individual
NSAIDs, while two degradation products with much
higher molecular weight than the parent NSAIDs were identified
by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry
(FT-ICR-MS). This study showed that the solar light
intensity and the water matrix appear to be the main factors
influencing the overall performance of the solar photolysis
and TiO2-mediated solar photocatalysis for degradation of
DCF and NPX mixtures. |
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