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The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia

This study highlights the sound analyses in a studio settings for a KadazanDusun bamboo musical instrument from Sabah Malaysia called the tongkungon. The tongkungon is a type of chordophone built from betung bamboo trees, which are found growing close to rivers and also known as ‘poring’ in Sabah, M...

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Main Authors: Sinin, Hamdan, Khairul Anwar, Mohamad Said, Kuryati, Kipli, Ezra A., M. Duin, Aaliyawani Ezzerin, Sinin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: NC State University 2024
Subjects:
TT Handicrafts Arts and crafts
Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46782/1/The%20Tokungan.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46782/
https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/the-tongkungon-a-traditional-kadazandusun-plucked-musical-instrument-from-sabah-malaysia/
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spelling my.unimas.ir-467822024-12-03T06:31:00Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46782/ The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia Sinin, Hamdan Khairul Anwar, Mohamad Said Kuryati, Kipli Ezra A., M. Duin Aaliyawani Ezzerin, Sinin TT Handicrafts Arts and crafts This study highlights the sound analyses in a studio settings for a KadazanDusun bamboo musical instrument from Sabah Malaysia called the tongkungon. The tongkungon is a type of chordophone built from betung bamboo trees, which are found growing close to rivers and also known as ‘poring’ in Sabah, Malayisa. It is also a plucked idiochordal bamboo tube zither. To adjust the pitches of the strings, the wedges can be shifted to shorten or lengthen them.The tongkungon sound radiator is made up of six strings with unique and innovative sound reproduction capabilities. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was used to evaluate the frequency spectrum via a PicoScope oscilloscope. Adobe Audition was used to produce the time frequency analysis (TFA) spectrograms. The results showed the notes of the tongkungon strings 1, 2, 3 ,4, 5, and 6 to be C, E, B, A, F, and A, respectively. The tongkungon was tuned in the pentatonic scale F, A, B, C, and E. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th strings were C4(261.63Hz), E4(329.63Hz), B3(246.94Hz), A3(220.00Hz), F3(174.61Hz), and A3(220.00Hz), respectively, i.e., with both 4th and 6th strings in A3. The frequency spectrum showed distinct fundamental and overtones frequencies. The first octave behaved as a multiple integer of the fundamental frequency for all strings. The number of partials in each string was inconsistent due to non-uniform thickness of the raised fibres from the bamboo tube. NC State University 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46782/1/The%20Tokungan.pdf Sinin, Hamdan and Khairul Anwar, Mohamad Said and Kuryati, Kipli and Ezra A., M. Duin and Aaliyawani Ezzerin, Sinin (2024) The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia. BioResources, 20 (1). pp. 357-367. ISSN 1930-2126 https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/the-tongkungon-a-traditional-kadazandusun-plucked-musical-instrument-from-sabah-malaysia/ DOI: 10.15376/biores.20.1.357-367
institution Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.unimas.my/
language English
topic TT Handicrafts Arts and crafts
spellingShingle TT Handicrafts Arts and crafts
Sinin, Hamdan
Khairul Anwar, Mohamad Said
Kuryati, Kipli
Ezra A., M. Duin
Aaliyawani Ezzerin, Sinin
The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia
description This study highlights the sound analyses in a studio settings for a KadazanDusun bamboo musical instrument from Sabah Malaysia called the tongkungon. The tongkungon is a type of chordophone built from betung bamboo trees, which are found growing close to rivers and also known as ‘poring’ in Sabah, Malayisa. It is also a plucked idiochordal bamboo tube zither. To adjust the pitches of the strings, the wedges can be shifted to shorten or lengthen them.The tongkungon sound radiator is made up of six strings with unique and innovative sound reproduction capabilities. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was used to evaluate the frequency spectrum via a PicoScope oscilloscope. Adobe Audition was used to produce the time frequency analysis (TFA) spectrograms. The results showed the notes of the tongkungon strings 1, 2, 3 ,4, 5, and 6 to be C, E, B, A, F, and A, respectively. The tongkungon was tuned in the pentatonic scale F, A, B, C, and E. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th strings were C4(261.63Hz), E4(329.63Hz), B3(246.94Hz), A3(220.00Hz), F3(174.61Hz), and A3(220.00Hz), respectively, i.e., with both 4th and 6th strings in A3. The frequency spectrum showed distinct fundamental and overtones frequencies. The first octave behaved as a multiple integer of the fundamental frequency for all strings. The number of partials in each string was inconsistent due to non-uniform thickness of the raised fibres from the bamboo tube.
format Article
author Sinin, Hamdan
Khairul Anwar, Mohamad Said
Kuryati, Kipli
Ezra A., M. Duin
Aaliyawani Ezzerin, Sinin
author_facet Sinin, Hamdan
Khairul Anwar, Mohamad Said
Kuryati, Kipli
Ezra A., M. Duin
Aaliyawani Ezzerin, Sinin
author_sort Sinin, Hamdan
title The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia
title_short The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia
title_full The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia
title_fullStr The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed The Tongkungon : A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia
title_sort tongkungon : a traditional kadazandusun plucked musical instrument from sabah, malaysia
publisher NC State University
publishDate 2024
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46782/1/The%20Tokungan.pdf
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46782/
https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/the-tongkungon-a-traditional-kadazandusun-plucked-musical-instrument-from-sabah-malaysia/
_version_ 1817848780481888256
score 13.223943

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