OPTIMIZATION OF ABIOTIC FACTORS IN Schizophyllum commune TO DETERMINE ITS LIGNINOLYTIC ACTIVITIES AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES
Agricultural lignocellulosic waste is a potential source of serious environmental pollution. Studies on Schizophyllum commune Fr. as a lignocellulose degrader and its antibacterial properties, which are controlled by abiotic factors, can play an important role to better understand this species f...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umt-ir.umt.edu.my:8080/handle/123456789/17139 |
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| Summary: | Agricultural lignocellulosic waste is a potential source of serious environmental
pollution. Studies on Schizophyllum commune Fr. as a lignocellulose degrader and its
antibacterial properties, which are controlled by abiotic factors, can play an important
role to better understand this species for the degradation of various lignocellulosic
waste. In this study, the ligninolytic enzyme activities of S. commune and its
antibacterial activities were investigated. The results showed that a higher level of
mycelium formation of S. commune was observed in malt extract agar medium
supplemented with yeast extract and glucose (MYGPA) at pH 5 and 28°C. The aeration
factor significantly affected (p < 0.05) the growth, density of mycelium, and fruiting
body formation of S. commune, based on oxygen and carbon dioxide consumption.
Furthermore, eight substrates were investigated to compare their ability in producing
higher activities among three ligninolytic enzymes under similar conditions. It was
found that the maximum lignin peroxidase activity (1378.69 ± 41.76 U/ml) was
obtained using coconut leaves as the subtrate , while manganese peroxidase showed its maximum activity (16.82 ± 4.36 U/ml) when using banana leaves, and laccase (49.00 ± 18.35 U/ml) when using spiny bucida after eight days in solid state
fermentation (SSF). The complex structures of different lignocellulose materials were
found to be degraded differently by S. commune as observed through the scanning
electron microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, S. commune antibacterial activities against
food poisoning bacteria, namely two types of Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus
and Staphylococcus aureus) and three types of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia
coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated. The
crude extract of S. commune was obtained from its cultivated fruiting body in rubber
sawdust using different extraction solvents (100% methanol, 80% methanol, 80%
acetone, 80% dichloromethane, and 80% ethyl acetate). S. commune 80% ethyl acetate
extract was found to be the most effective in suppressing the growth of S. aureus.
Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum
bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this extract against S. aureus were 50 mg/ml and
100 mg/ml, respectively. The findings show that based on optimal environmental
factors, S. commune has the ability to use agricultural waste lignocellulose as an
alternative growth subtrate to rubber sawdust, which can benefit the proper waste
management, while its antibacterial properties can be beneficial to the pharmaceutical
industry. |
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