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Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is one of the important modified cellulose that widely used as additives in industries. CMC possesses advantageous properties especially their solubility in water, immiscibility in oil and organic solvent which made it acts as multifunction agent. Therefore, they functio...

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Main Author: Chng, Lee Muei
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2010
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TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology
Online Access:https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42530/1/24%20PAGES.pdf
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spelling my.ums.eprints.425302025-01-07T03:47:13Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42530/ Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose Chng, Lee Muei TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is one of the important modified cellulose that widely used as additives in industries. CMC possesses advantageous properties especially their solubility in water, immiscibility in oil and organic solvent which made it acts as multifunction agent. Therefore, they function as stabilizer, thickener, binder and suspension agent in industries such as food and pharmaceutical. Hence, analysis on CMC production process has been studied by researchers in order to enhance the efficiency of the process to achieve specific properties of CMC needed. Most of the analysis were done using One-Factor-At- Time (OFAT) method, which is time consuming and potentially lead to misinterpretation of results due to lack of information on interaction effects likely to occur in chemical reaction. Therefore, statistical and mathematical technique by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed in this research to overcome the limitations especially interactions effects of CMC reaction conditions. Here, the CMC production was carried out by modifying cotton cellulose to CMC through Williamson etherification reaction. The reaction is efficient, inexpensive and easy to handle. Reaction process were studied with respect to Degree of substitution (DS) and reaction efficiency (RE) by varying the reaction conditions; volume ratio of ethanol to isoprophyl alcohol, reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA). Production process carried out was approved through chemical structure identification using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), substituent distribution measurement using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, rheological behaviour measurement using rotational viscometer. The result of analysis from RSM is comparable with OFAT in term of effect of single factor. Importance of interaction effects on responses were visualized through interaction plots from RSM. The interaction effect of reaction temperature with SMCA and NaOH concentrations are the most significant. Reaction temperature higher than 500C is required for optimum reaction to occur. RSM regression model on CMC production process suggested a few optimum solutions for maximum DS and RE. RSM model was validated through experiments carried out and the responses are near to the predicted value. The highest DS and RE that obtained with production conducted under investigated conditions are 0.993 and 63.59% respectively. The respective conditions are reaction temperature at 66.060C, reaction time at 172.20min, SMCA concentration at 13.90g, NaOH concentration at 19.35%w/v and solvent ratio at 0.87v/v. 2010 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42530/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42530/2/FULLTEXT.pdf Chng, Lee Muei (2010) Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
institution Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building UMS Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language English
English
topic TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology
spellingShingle TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology
Chng, Lee Muei
Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose
description Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is one of the important modified cellulose that widely used as additives in industries. CMC possesses advantageous properties especially their solubility in water, immiscibility in oil and organic solvent which made it acts as multifunction agent. Therefore, they function as stabilizer, thickener, binder and suspension agent in industries such as food and pharmaceutical. Hence, analysis on CMC production process has been studied by researchers in order to enhance the efficiency of the process to achieve specific properties of CMC needed. Most of the analysis were done using One-Factor-At- Time (OFAT) method, which is time consuming and potentially lead to misinterpretation of results due to lack of information on interaction effects likely to occur in chemical reaction. Therefore, statistical and mathematical technique by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed in this research to overcome the limitations especially interactions effects of CMC reaction conditions. Here, the CMC production was carried out by modifying cotton cellulose to CMC through Williamson etherification reaction. The reaction is efficient, inexpensive and easy to handle. Reaction process were studied with respect to Degree of substitution (DS) and reaction efficiency (RE) by varying the reaction conditions; volume ratio of ethanol to isoprophyl alcohol, reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA). Production process carried out was approved through chemical structure identification using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), substituent distribution measurement using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, rheological behaviour measurement using rotational viscometer. The result of analysis from RSM is comparable with OFAT in term of effect of single factor. Importance of interaction effects on responses were visualized through interaction plots from RSM. The interaction effect of reaction temperature with SMCA and NaOH concentrations are the most significant. Reaction temperature higher than 500C is required for optimum reaction to occur. RSM regression model on CMC production process suggested a few optimum solutions for maximum DS and RE. RSM model was validated through experiments carried out and the responses are near to the predicted value. The highest DS and RE that obtained with production conducted under investigated conditions are 0.993 and 63.59% respectively. The respective conditions are reaction temperature at 66.060C, reaction time at 172.20min, SMCA concentration at 13.90g, NaOH concentration at 19.35%w/v and solvent ratio at 0.87v/v.
format Thesis
author Chng, Lee Muei
author_facet Chng, Lee Muei
author_sort Chng, Lee Muei
title Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose
title_short Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose
title_full Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose
title_fullStr Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose
title_sort optimization of carboxymethylcellulose production from etherification cellulose
publishDate 2010
url https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42530/1/24%20PAGES.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42530/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42530/
_version_ 1821003229357408256
score 13.235362

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