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Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system

The current investigation deals with the application of a one-pot system to facilitate the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from banana peel by a combination of microwave pretreatment and mild oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 0–30 wt%) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₂, 0–10%). H...

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Main Authors: Nurhidayah Azmirah Mohd Jamil, Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar, Suryani Saallah, Mailin Misson, Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee, Jumardi Roslan, Wuled Lenggoro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2022
Subjects:
Q1-390 Science (General)
T1-995 Technology (General)
Online Access:https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42301/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42301/
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193537
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spelling my.ums.eprints.423012024-12-16T04:01:01Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42301/ Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system Nurhidayah Azmirah Mohd Jamil Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar Suryani Saallah Mailin Misson Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee Jumardi Roslan Wuled Lenggoro Q1-390 Science (General) T1-995 Technology (General) The current investigation deals with the application of a one-pot system to facilitate the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from banana peel by a combination of microwave pretreatment and mild oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 0–30 wt%) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₂, 0–10%). H₂O₂ causes decolorization of the banana peel suspension from dark brown to light yellow, while further treatment with H₂SO₂ produces a white suspension, indicating successful removal of the non-cellulosic components from the banana peel. This finding was further supported by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis, which showed the gradual disappearance of lignin and hemicellulose peaks with increasing H₂O₂ and H₂SO₄ concentrations. The CNCs has considerably high crystallinity, with the highest crystallinity (~85%) being obtained at 6% H₂SO₄. Therefore, CNCs obtained at 6% H₂SO₄ were selected for further characterization. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the disintegration of the cellulose fibres into small fragments after hydrolysis. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analyses revealed the spherical shape of the CNCs with an average size of approximately 20 nm. The CNCs have good stability with zeta potential of −42.9 mV. Findings from this study suggest that the combination of microwave pre-treatment and oxidative hydrolysis with 30 wt% H₂O₂ and 6% H₂SO₄, which is about 11 times lower than the commonly used H₂SO₄ concentration, is proven effective for the isolation of CNCs from banana peel. These observations are expected to provide insight into a facile and environmentally benign alternative to the conventional CNCs isolation method, using abundant and underutilized agricultural waste as feedstock. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2022 Article NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42301/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Nurhidayah Azmirah Mohd Jamil and Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar and Suryani Saallah and Mailin Misson and Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee and Jumardi Roslan and Wuled Lenggoro (2022) Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system. Nanomaterials, 12. pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193537
institution Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building UMS Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language English
topic Q1-390 Science (General)
T1-995 Technology (General)
spellingShingle Q1-390 Science (General)
T1-995 Technology (General)
Nurhidayah Azmirah Mohd Jamil
Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar
Suryani Saallah
Mailin Misson
Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee
Jumardi Roslan
Wuled Lenggoro
Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system
description The current investigation deals with the application of a one-pot system to facilitate the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from banana peel by a combination of microwave pretreatment and mild oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 0–30 wt%) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₂, 0–10%). H₂O₂ causes decolorization of the banana peel suspension from dark brown to light yellow, while further treatment with H₂SO₂ produces a white suspension, indicating successful removal of the non-cellulosic components from the banana peel. This finding was further supported by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis, which showed the gradual disappearance of lignin and hemicellulose peaks with increasing H₂O₂ and H₂SO₄ concentrations. The CNCs has considerably high crystallinity, with the highest crystallinity (~85%) being obtained at 6% H₂SO₄. Therefore, CNCs obtained at 6% H₂SO₄ were selected for further characterization. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the disintegration of the cellulose fibres into small fragments after hydrolysis. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analyses revealed the spherical shape of the CNCs with an average size of approximately 20 nm. The CNCs have good stability with zeta potential of −42.9 mV. Findings from this study suggest that the combination of microwave pre-treatment and oxidative hydrolysis with 30 wt% H₂O₂ and 6% H₂SO₄, which is about 11 times lower than the commonly used H₂SO₄ concentration, is proven effective for the isolation of CNCs from banana peel. These observations are expected to provide insight into a facile and environmentally benign alternative to the conventional CNCs isolation method, using abundant and underutilized agricultural waste as feedstock.
format Article
author Nurhidayah Azmirah Mohd Jamil
Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar
Suryani Saallah
Mailin Misson
Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee
Jumardi Roslan
Wuled Lenggoro
author_facet Nurhidayah Azmirah Mohd Jamil
Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar
Suryani Saallah
Mailin Misson
Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee
Jumardi Roslan
Wuled Lenggoro
author_sort Nurhidayah Azmirah Mohd Jamil
title Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system
title_short Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system
title_full Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system
title_fullStr Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system
title_full_unstemmed Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system
title_sort isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from banana peel using one-pot microwave and mild oxidative hydrolysis system
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate 2022
url https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42301/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42301/
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193537
_version_ 1818835203309699072
score 13.223943

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