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Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures

Multi-material products are required in fused deposition modelling (FDM) to meet a desired specification such as a rigid structure with soft material for impact protection. This paper focuses on the thermoformability and shape recovery characteristics of three-dimensional (3D)- printed multi-materia...

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Main Authors: Neilson Peter Sorimpuk, Wai, Heng Choong, Chua, Bih-Lii
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2022
Subjects:
TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TJ1-1570 Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42299/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42299/
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204304
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spelling my.ums.eprints.422992024-12-16T04:00:29Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42299/ Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures Neilson Peter Sorimpuk Wai, Heng Choong Chua, Bih-Lii TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ1-1570 Mechanical engineering and machinery Multi-material products are required in fused deposition modelling (FDM) to meet a desired specification such as a rigid structure with soft material for impact protection. This paper focuses on the thermoformability and shape recovery characteristics of three-dimensional (3D)- printed multi-material specimens under different thermoforming temperatures. The multi-material specimens consist of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The PLA/TPU specimens were prepared by depositing the TPU component on top of the PLA component using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine. Simple thermoforming tests were proposed, where the specimens were bent under load and molded into a circular shape at different thermoforming temperatures. The bent specimens were then reheated at 60 ◦C to evaluate their shape memory ability. The test results were quantified into apparent bending modulus and shape recovery percentage. The PLA/TPU specimens showed a better apparent bending modulus of 143 MPa than a PLA specimen at a temperature between 60 ◦C to 90 ◦C. However, only the PLA/TPU specimens being thermoformed into a circular shape at 100 ◦C or greater showed good shape retention accuracy and interfacial surface bonding. The PLA/TPU specimens that were thermoformed at 60 ◦C to 90 ◦C showed reasonable shape memory of about 60% recovery when reheated. Finally, suitable thermoforming temperatures for thermoforming PLA/TPU specimens were suggested based on design needs. MDPI 2022 Article NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42299/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Neilson Peter Sorimpuk and Wai, Heng Choong and Chua, Bih-Lii (2022) Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures. Polymers, 14. pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204304
institution Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building UMS Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language English
topic TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TJ1-1570 Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TJ1-1570 Mechanical engineering and machinery
Neilson Peter Sorimpuk
Wai, Heng Choong
Chua, Bih-Lii
Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures
description Multi-material products are required in fused deposition modelling (FDM) to meet a desired specification such as a rigid structure with soft material for impact protection. This paper focuses on the thermoformability and shape recovery characteristics of three-dimensional (3D)- printed multi-material specimens under different thermoforming temperatures. The multi-material specimens consist of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The PLA/TPU specimens were prepared by depositing the TPU component on top of the PLA component using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine. Simple thermoforming tests were proposed, where the specimens were bent under load and molded into a circular shape at different thermoforming temperatures. The bent specimens were then reheated at 60 ◦C to evaluate their shape memory ability. The test results were quantified into apparent bending modulus and shape recovery percentage. The PLA/TPU specimens showed a better apparent bending modulus of 143 MPa than a PLA specimen at a temperature between 60 ◦C to 90 ◦C. However, only the PLA/TPU specimens being thermoformed into a circular shape at 100 ◦C or greater showed good shape retention accuracy and interfacial surface bonding. The PLA/TPU specimens that were thermoformed at 60 ◦C to 90 ◦C showed reasonable shape memory of about 60% recovery when reheated. Finally, suitable thermoforming temperatures for thermoforming PLA/TPU specimens were suggested based on design needs.
format Article
author Neilson Peter Sorimpuk
Wai, Heng Choong
Chua, Bih-Lii
author_facet Neilson Peter Sorimpuk
Wai, Heng Choong
Chua, Bih-Lii
author_sort Neilson Peter Sorimpuk
title Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures
title_short Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures
title_full Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures
title_fullStr Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures
title_full_unstemmed Thermoforming characteristics of PLA/TPU multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures
title_sort thermoforming characteristics of pla/tpu multi-material specimens fabricated with fused deposition modelling under different temperatures
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2022
url https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42299/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42299/
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204304
_version_ 1818835203174432768
score 13.244413

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