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Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate

Logged and disturbed forests are often viewed as degraded and depauperate environments compared with primary forest. However, they are dynamic ecosystems¹ that provide refugia for large amounts of biodiversity²,³ so we cannot afford to underestimate their conservation value⁴. Here we present empiric...

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Main Authors:	Robert M. Ewers, C. David L. Orme, William D. Pearse, Nursyamin Zulkifli, Genevieve Yvon-Durocher, Kalsum M. Yusah, Natalie Yoh, Darren C. J. Yeo, Anna Wong, Joseph Williamson, Clare L. Wilkinson, Fabienne Wiederkehr, Bruce L. Webber, Oliver R. Wearn, Leona Wai, Maisie Vollans, Joshua P. Twining, Edgar C. Turner, Joseph A. Tobias, Jack Thorley, Elizabeth M. Telford, Yit Arn Teh, Heok Hui Tan, Tom Swinfield, Martin Svátek, Matthew Struebig, Nigel Stork, Jani Sleutel, Eleanor M. Slade, Adam Sharp, Adi Shabrani, Sarab S. Sethi, Dave J. I. Seaman, Anati Sawang, Gabrielle Briana Roxby, J. Marcus Rowcliffe, Stephen J. Rossiter, Terhi Riutta, Homathevi Rahman, Lan Qie, Elizabeth Psomas, Aaron Prairie, Frederica Poznansky, Rajeev Pillay, Lorenzo Picinali, Annabel Pianzin, Marion Pfeifer, Jonathan M. Perrett, Ciar D. Noble, Reuben Nilus, Nazirah Mustaffa, Katherine E. Mullin, Simon Mitchell, Amelia R. Mckinlay, Sarah Maunsell, Radim Matula, Michael Massam, Stephanie Martin, Yadvinder Malhi, Noreen Majalap, Catherine S. Maclean, Emma Mackintosh, Sarah H. Luke, Owen T. Lewis, Harry J. Layfield, Isolde Lane-Shaw, Boon Hee Kueh, Pavel Kratina, Oliver Konopik, Roger Kitching, Lois Kinneen, Victoria A. Kemp, Palasiah Jotan, Nick Jones, Evyen W. Jebrail, Michal Hroneš, Sui Peng Heon, David R. Hemprich-Bennett, Jessica K. Haysom, Martina F. Harianja, Jane Hardwick, Nichar Gregory, Ryan Gray, Ross E. J. Gray, Natasha Granville, Richard Gill, Adam Fraser, William A. Foster, Hollie Folkard-Tapp, Robert J. Fletcher, Arman Hadi Fikri, Tom M. Fayle, Aisyah Faruk, Paul Eggleton, David P. Edwards, Rosie Drinkwater, Rory A. Dow, Timm F. Döbert, Raphael K. Didham, Katharine J. M. Dickinson, Nicolas J. Deere, Tijmen de Lorm, Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood, Charles W. Davison, Zoe G. Davies, Richard G. Davies, Martin Dančák, Jeremy Cusack, Elizabeth L. Clare, Arthur Chung, Vun Khen Chey, Philip M. Chapman, Lauren Cator, Daniel Carpenter, Chris Carbone, Kerry Calloway, Emma R. Bush, David F. R. P. Burslem, Keiron D. Brown, Stephen J. Brooks, Ella Brasington, Hayley Brant, Michael J. W. Boyle, Sabine Both, Joshua Blackman, Tom R. Bishop, Jake E. Bicknell, Henry Bernard, Saloni Basrur, Maxwell V. L. Barclay, Holly Barclay, Georgina Atton, Marc Ancrenaz, David C. Aldridge, Olivia Z. Daniel, Glen Reynolds, Cristina Banks-Leite
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Springer Nature Limited 2024
Subjects:	QH540-549.5 Ecology SD1-669.5 Forestry
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07657-w
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id	my.ums.eprints.42141
record_format	eprints
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building	UMS Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source	UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language	English English
topic	QH540-549.5 Ecology SD1-669.5 Forestry
spellingShingle	QH540-549.5 Ecology SD1-669.5 Forestry Robert M. Ewers C. David L. Orme William D. Pearse Nursyamin Zulkifli Genevieve Yvon-Durocher Kalsum M. Yusah Natalie Yoh Darren C. J. Yeo Anna Wong Joseph Williamson Clare L. Wilkinson Fabienne Wiederkehr Bruce L. Webber Oliver R. Wearn Leona Wai Maisie Vollans Joshua P. Twining Edgar C. Turner Joseph A. Tobias Jack Thorley Elizabeth M. Telford Yit Arn Teh Heok Hui Tan Tom Swinfield Martin Svátek Matthew Struebig Nigel Stork Jani Sleutel Eleanor M. Slade Adam Sharp Adi Shabrani Sarab S. Sethi Dave J. I. Seaman Anati Sawang Gabrielle Briana Roxby J. Marcus Rowcliffe Stephen J. Rossiter Terhi Riutta Homathevi Rahman Lan Qie Elizabeth Psomas Aaron Prairie Frederica Poznansky Rajeev Pillay Lorenzo Picinali Annabel Pianzin Marion Pfeifer Jonathan M. Perrett Ciar D. Noble Reuben Nilus Nazirah Mustaffa Katherine E. Mullin Simon Mitchell Amelia R. Mckinlay Sarah Maunsell Radim Matula Michael Massam Stephanie Martin Yadvinder Malhi Noreen Majalap Catherine S. Maclean Emma Mackintosh Sarah H. Luke Owen T. Lewis Harry J. Layfield Isolde Lane-Shaw Boon Hee Kueh Pavel Kratina Oliver Konopik Roger Kitching Lois Kinneen Victoria A. Kemp Palasiah Jotan Nick Jones Evyen W. Jebrail Michal Hroneš Sui Peng Heon David R. Hemprich-Bennett Jessica K. Haysom Martina F. Harianja Jane Hardwick Nichar Gregory Ryan Gray Ross E. J. Gray Natasha Granville Richard Gill Adam Fraser William A. Foster Hollie Folkard-Tapp Robert J. Fletcher Arman Hadi Fikri Tom M. Fayle Aisyah Faruk Paul Eggleton David P. Edwards Rosie Drinkwater Rory A. Dow Timm F. Döbert Raphael K. Didham Katharine J. M. Dickinson Nicolas J. Deere Tijmen de Lorm Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood Charles W. Davison Zoe G. Davies Richard G. Davies Martin Dančák Jeremy Cusack Elizabeth L. Clare Arthur Chung Vun Khen Chey Philip M. Chapman Lauren Cator Daniel Carpenter Chris Carbone Kerry Calloway Emma R. Bush David F. R. P. Burslem Keiron D. Brown Stephen J. Brooks Ella Brasington Hayley Brant Michael J. W. Boyle Sabine Both Joshua Blackman Tom R. Bishop Jake E. Bicknell Henry Bernard Saloni Basrur Maxwell V. L. Barclay Holly Barclay Georgina Atton Marc Ancrenaz David C. Aldridge Olivia Z. Daniel Glen Reynolds Cristina Banks-Leite Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate
description	Logged and disturbed forests are often viewed as degraded and depauperate environments compared with primary forest. However, they are dynamic ecosystems¹ that provide refugia for large amounts of biodiversity²,³ so we cannot afford to underestimate their conservation value⁴. Here we present empirically defined thresholds for categorizing the conservation value of logged forests, using one of the most comprehensive assessments of taxon responses to habitat degradation in any tropical forest environment. We analysed the impact of logging intensity on the individual occurrence patterns of 1,681 taxa belonging to 86 taxonomic orders and 126 functional groups in Sabah, Malaysia. Our results demonstrate the existence of two conservation-relevant thresholds. First, lightly logged forests (<29% biomass removal) retain high conservation value and a largely intact functional composition and are therefore likely to recover their pre-logging values if allowed to undergo natural regeneration. Second, the most extreme impacts occur in heavily degraded forests with more than two-thirds (>68%) of their biomass removed, and these are likely to require more expensive measures to recover their biodiversity value. Overall, our data confirm that primary forests are irreplaceable5, but they also reinforce the message that logged forests retain considerable conservation value that should not be overlooked.
format	Article
author	Robert M. Ewers C. David L. Orme William D. Pearse Nursyamin Zulkifli Genevieve Yvon-Durocher Kalsum M. Yusah Natalie Yoh Darren C. J. Yeo Anna Wong Joseph Williamson Clare L. Wilkinson Fabienne Wiederkehr Bruce L. Webber Oliver R. Wearn Leona Wai Maisie Vollans Joshua P. Twining Edgar C. Turner Joseph A. Tobias Jack Thorley Elizabeth M. Telford Yit Arn Teh Heok Hui Tan Tom Swinfield Martin Svátek Matthew Struebig Nigel Stork Jani Sleutel Eleanor M. Slade Adam Sharp Adi Shabrani Sarab S. Sethi Dave J. I. Seaman Anati Sawang Gabrielle Briana Roxby J. Marcus Rowcliffe Stephen J. Rossiter Terhi Riutta Homathevi Rahman Lan Qie Elizabeth Psomas Aaron Prairie Frederica Poznansky Rajeev Pillay Lorenzo Picinali Annabel Pianzin Marion Pfeifer Jonathan M. Perrett Ciar D. Noble Reuben Nilus Nazirah Mustaffa Katherine E. Mullin Simon Mitchell Amelia R. Mckinlay Sarah Maunsell Radim Matula Michael Massam Stephanie Martin Yadvinder Malhi Noreen Majalap Catherine S. Maclean Emma Mackintosh Sarah H. Luke Owen T. Lewis Harry J. Layfield Isolde Lane-Shaw Boon Hee Kueh Pavel Kratina Oliver Konopik Roger Kitching Lois Kinneen Victoria A. Kemp Palasiah Jotan Nick Jones Evyen W. Jebrail Michal Hroneš Sui Peng Heon David R. Hemprich-Bennett Jessica K. Haysom Martina F. Harianja Jane Hardwick Nichar Gregory Ryan Gray Ross E. J. Gray Natasha Granville Richard Gill Adam Fraser William A. Foster Hollie Folkard-Tapp Robert J. Fletcher Arman Hadi Fikri Tom M. Fayle Aisyah Faruk Paul Eggleton David P. Edwards Rosie Drinkwater Rory A. Dow Timm F. Döbert Raphael K. Didham Katharine J. M. Dickinson Nicolas J. Deere Tijmen de Lorm Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood Charles W. Davison Zoe G. Davies Richard G. Davies Martin Dančák Jeremy Cusack Elizabeth L. Clare Arthur Chung Vun Khen Chey Philip M. Chapman Lauren Cator Daniel Carpenter Chris Carbone Kerry Calloway Emma R. Bush David F. R. P. Burslem Keiron D. Brown Stephen J. Brooks Ella Brasington Hayley Brant Michael J. W. Boyle Sabine Both Joshua Blackman Tom R. Bishop Jake E. Bicknell Henry Bernard Saloni Basrur Maxwell V. L. Barclay Holly Barclay Georgina Atton Marc Ancrenaz David C. Aldridge Olivia Z. Daniel Glen Reynolds Cristina Banks-Leite
author_facet	Robert M. Ewers C. David L. Orme William D. Pearse Nursyamin Zulkifli Genevieve Yvon-Durocher Kalsum M. Yusah Natalie Yoh Darren C. J. Yeo Anna Wong Joseph Williamson Clare L. Wilkinson Fabienne Wiederkehr Bruce L. Webber Oliver R. Wearn Leona Wai Maisie Vollans Joshua P. Twining Edgar C. Turner Joseph A. Tobias Jack Thorley Elizabeth M. Telford Yit Arn Teh Heok Hui Tan Tom Swinfield Martin Svátek Matthew Struebig Nigel Stork Jani Sleutel Eleanor M. Slade Adam Sharp Adi Shabrani Sarab S. Sethi Dave J. I. Seaman Anati Sawang Gabrielle Briana Roxby J. Marcus Rowcliffe Stephen J. Rossiter Terhi Riutta Homathevi Rahman Lan Qie Elizabeth Psomas Aaron Prairie Frederica Poznansky Rajeev Pillay Lorenzo Picinali Annabel Pianzin Marion Pfeifer Jonathan M. Perrett Ciar D. Noble Reuben Nilus Nazirah Mustaffa Katherine E. Mullin Simon Mitchell Amelia R. Mckinlay Sarah Maunsell Radim Matula Michael Massam Stephanie Martin Yadvinder Malhi Noreen Majalap Catherine S. Maclean Emma Mackintosh Sarah H. Luke Owen T. Lewis Harry J. Layfield Isolde Lane-Shaw Boon Hee Kueh Pavel Kratina Oliver Konopik Roger Kitching Lois Kinneen Victoria A. Kemp Palasiah Jotan Nick Jones Evyen W. Jebrail Michal Hroneš Sui Peng Heon David R. Hemprich-Bennett Jessica K. Haysom Martina F. Harianja Jane Hardwick Nichar Gregory Ryan Gray Ross E. J. Gray Natasha Granville Richard Gill Adam Fraser William A. Foster Hollie Folkard-Tapp Robert J. Fletcher Arman Hadi Fikri Tom M. Fayle Aisyah Faruk Paul Eggleton David P. Edwards Rosie Drinkwater Rory A. Dow Timm F. Döbert Raphael K. Didham Katharine J. M. Dickinson Nicolas J. Deere Tijmen de Lorm Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood Charles W. Davison Zoe G. Davies Richard G. Davies Martin Dančák Jeremy Cusack Elizabeth L. Clare Arthur Chung Vun Khen Chey Philip M. Chapman Lauren Cator Daniel Carpenter Chris Carbone Kerry Calloway Emma R. Bush David F. R. P. Burslem Keiron D. Brown Stephen J. Brooks Ella Brasington Hayley Brant Michael J. W. Boyle Sabine Both Joshua Blackman Tom R. Bishop Jake E. Bicknell Henry Bernard Saloni Basrur Maxwell V. L. Barclay Holly Barclay Georgina Atton Marc Ancrenaz David C. Aldridge Olivia Z. Daniel Glen Reynolds Cristina Banks-Leite
author_sort	Robert M. Ewers
title	Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate
title_short	Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate
title_full	Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate
title_fullStr	Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate
title_full_unstemmed	Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate
title_sort	thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate
publisher	Springer Nature Limited
publishDate	2024
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/1/ABSTRACT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07657-w
_version_	1817843861770207232
spelling	my.ums.eprints.421412024-12-06T05:28:19Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/ Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate Robert M. Ewers C. David L. Orme William D. Pearse Nursyamin Zulkifli Genevieve Yvon-Durocher Kalsum M. Yusah Natalie Yoh Darren C. J. Yeo Anna Wong Joseph Williamson Clare L. Wilkinson Fabienne Wiederkehr Bruce L. Webber Oliver R. Wearn Leona Wai Maisie Vollans Joshua P. Twining Edgar C. Turner Joseph A. Tobias Jack Thorley Elizabeth M. Telford Yit Arn Teh Heok Hui Tan Tom Swinfield Martin Svátek Matthew Struebig Nigel Stork Jani Sleutel Eleanor M. Slade Adam Sharp Adi Shabrani Sarab S. Sethi Dave J. I. Seaman Anati Sawang Gabrielle Briana Roxby J. Marcus Rowcliffe Stephen J. Rossiter Terhi Riutta Homathevi Rahman Lan Qie Elizabeth Psomas Aaron Prairie Frederica Poznansky Rajeev Pillay Lorenzo Picinali Annabel Pianzin Marion Pfeifer Jonathan M. Perrett Ciar D. Noble Reuben Nilus Nazirah Mustaffa Katherine E. Mullin Simon Mitchell Amelia R. Mckinlay Sarah Maunsell Radim Matula Michael Massam Stephanie Martin Yadvinder Malhi Noreen Majalap Catherine S. Maclean Emma Mackintosh Sarah H. Luke Owen T. Lewis Harry J. Layfield Isolde Lane-Shaw Boon Hee Kueh Pavel Kratina Oliver Konopik Roger Kitching Lois Kinneen Victoria A. Kemp Palasiah Jotan Nick Jones Evyen W. Jebrail Michal Hroneš Sui Peng Heon David R. Hemprich-Bennett Jessica K. Haysom Martina F. Harianja Jane Hardwick Nichar Gregory Ryan Gray Ross E. J. Gray Natasha Granville Richard Gill Adam Fraser William A. Foster Hollie Folkard-Tapp Robert J. Fletcher Arman Hadi Fikri Tom M. Fayle Aisyah Faruk Paul Eggleton David P. Edwards Rosie Drinkwater Rory A. Dow Timm F. Döbert Raphael K. Didham Katharine J. M. Dickinson Nicolas J. Deere Tijmen de Lorm Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood Charles W. Davison Zoe G. Davies Richard G. Davies Martin Dančák Jeremy Cusack Elizabeth L. Clare Arthur Chung Vun Khen Chey Philip M. Chapman Lauren Cator Daniel Carpenter Chris Carbone Kerry Calloway Emma R. Bush David F. R. P. Burslem Keiron D. Brown Stephen J. Brooks Ella Brasington Hayley Brant Michael J. W. Boyle Sabine Both Joshua Blackman Tom R. Bishop Jake E. Bicknell Henry Bernard Saloni Basrur Maxwell V. L. Barclay Holly Barclay Georgina Atton Marc Ancrenaz David C. Aldridge Olivia Z. Daniel Glen Reynolds Cristina Banks-Leite QH540-549.5 Ecology SD1-669.5 Forestry Logged and disturbed forests are often viewed as degraded and depauperate environments compared with primary forest. However, they are dynamic ecosystems¹ that provide refugia for large amounts of biodiversity²,³ so we cannot afford to underestimate their conservation value⁴. Here we present empirically defined thresholds for categorizing the conservation value of logged forests, using one of the most comprehensive assessments of taxon responses to habitat degradation in any tropical forest environment. We analysed the impact of logging intensity on the individual occurrence patterns of 1,681 taxa belonging to 86 taxonomic orders and 126 functional groups in Sabah, Malaysia. Our results demonstrate the existence of two conservation-relevant thresholds. First, lightly logged forests (<29% biomass removal) retain high conservation value and a largely intact functional composition and are therefore likely to recover their pre-logging values if allowed to undergo natural regeneration. Second, the most extreme impacts occur in heavily degraded forests with more than two-thirds (>68%) of their biomass removed, and these are likely to require more expensive measures to recover their biodiversity value. Overall, our data confirm that primary forests are irreplaceable5, but they also reinforce the message that logged forests retain considerable conservation value that should not be overlooked. Springer Nature Limited 2024 Article NonPeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/1/ABSTRACT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42141/2/FULL%20TEXT.pdf Robert M. Ewers and C. David L. Orme and William D. Pearse and Nursyamin Zulkifli and Genevieve Yvon-Durocher and Kalsum M. Yusah and Natalie Yoh and Darren C. J. Yeo and Anna Wong and Joseph Williamson and Clare L. Wilkinson and Fabienne Wiederkehr and Bruce L. Webber and Oliver R. Wearn and Leona Wai and Maisie Vollans and Joshua P. Twining and Edgar C. Turner and Joseph A. Tobias and Jack Thorley and Elizabeth M. Telford and Yit Arn Teh and Heok Hui Tan and Tom Swinfield and Martin Svátek and Matthew Struebig and Nigel Stork and Jani Sleutel and Eleanor M. Slade and Adam Sharp and Adi Shabrani and Sarab S. Sethi and Dave J. I. Seaman and Anati Sawang and Gabrielle Briana Roxby and J. Marcus Rowcliffe and Stephen J. Rossiter and Terhi Riutta and Homathevi Rahman and Lan Qie and Elizabeth Psomas and Aaron Prairie and Frederica Poznansky and Rajeev Pillay and Lorenzo Picinali and Annabel Pianzin and Marion Pfeifer and Jonathan M. Perrett and Ciar D. Noble and Reuben Nilus and Nazirah Mustaffa and Katherine E. Mullin and Simon Mitchell and Amelia R. Mckinlay and Sarah Maunsell and Radim Matula and Michael Massam and Stephanie Martin and Yadvinder Malhi and Noreen Majalap and Catherine S. Maclean and Emma Mackintosh and Sarah H. Luke and Owen T. Lewis and Harry J. Layfield and Isolde Lane-Shaw and Boon Hee Kueh and Pavel Kratina and Oliver Konopik and Roger Kitching and Lois Kinneen and Victoria A. Kemp and Palasiah Jotan and Nick Jones and Evyen W. Jebrail and Michal Hroneš and Sui Peng Heon and David R. Hemprich-Bennett and Jessica K. Haysom and Martina F. Harianja and Jane Hardwick and Nichar Gregory and Ryan Gray and Ross E. J. Gray and Natasha Granville and Richard Gill and Adam Fraser and William A. Foster and Hollie Folkard-Tapp and Robert J. Fletcher and Arman Hadi Fikri and Tom M. Fayle and Aisyah Faruk and Paul Eggleton and David P. Edwards and Rosie Drinkwater and Rory A. Dow and Timm F. Döbert and Raphael K. Didham and Katharine J. M. Dickinson and Nicolas J. Deere and Tijmen de Lorm and Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood and Charles W. Davison and Zoe G. Davies and Richard G. Davies and Martin Dančák and Jeremy Cusack and Elizabeth L. Clare and Arthur Chung and Vun Khen Chey and Philip M. Chapman and Lauren Cator and Daniel Carpenter and Chris Carbone and Kerry Calloway and Emma R. Bush and David F. R. P. Burslem and Keiron D. Brown and Stephen J. Brooks and Ella Brasington and Hayley Brant and Michael J. W. Boyle and Sabine Both and Joshua Blackman and Tom R. Bishop and Jake E. Bicknell and Henry Bernard and Saloni Basrur and Maxwell V. L. Barclay and Holly Barclay and Georgina Atton and Marc Ancrenaz and David C. Aldridge and Olivia Z. Daniel and Glen Reynolds and Cristina Banks-Leite (2024) Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate. Nature, 631. pp. 808-813. ISSN 0028-0836 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07657-w
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Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate

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