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Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk

In this study, carbon-silica based acid catalysts derived from rice husks (RH) were successfully synthesised using microwave (MW) technology. The results showed that MW sulphonation produced Sulphur (S) content of 17.2–18.5 times higher than in raw RH. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)...

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Main Authors: Winnie Sinan Balan, Jidon Janaun, Chung, Chin Hing, Veroneka Semilin, Zhu, Zongyuan, Haywood, Stephanie K., Touhami, Dalila, Chong, Khim Phin, Abu Zahrim Yaser, Lee, Ping Chin, Sharif H. Zein
Format: Article
Language:English
English
Published: Elsevier 2021
Subjects:
TP1-1185 Chemical technology
Online Access:https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/1/Esterification%20of%20residual%20palm%20oil%20using%20solid%20acid%20catalyst%20derived%20from%20rice%20husk.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/3/Esterification%20of%20residual%20palm%20oil%20using%20solid%20acid%20catalyst%20derived%20from%20rice%20husk%20_ABSTRACT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389420320823?casa_token=xB-J9PNkxmEAAAAA:qJ2i2SS_tTuBQ_SPHe8fjbvsWzCEIVrQH-1z6KdSIQAJoEmRtigc2TbgpWo50Di7JyJ4SNGy5eY
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124092
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spelling my.ums.eprints.332172022-07-16T02:07:29Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/ Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk Winnie Sinan Balan Jidon Janaun Chung, Chin Hing Veroneka Semilin Zhu, Zongyuan Haywood, Stephanie K. Touhami, Dalila Chong, Khim Phin Abu Zahrim Yaser Lee, Ping Chin Sharif H. Zein TP1-1185 Chemical technology In this study, carbon-silica based acid catalysts derived from rice husks (RH) were successfully synthesised using microwave (MW) technology. The results showed that MW sulphonation produced Sulphur (S) content of 17.2–18.5 times higher than in raw RH. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed peak at 1035 cm−1 which corresponded to O˭S˭O stretching of sulphonic (-SO3H) group. XRD showed sulfonated RH catalysts (SRHCs) have amorphous structure, and through SEM, broadening of the RH voids and also formation of pores is observed. RH600 had the highest surface area of 14.52 m2/g. SRHCs showed high catalytic activity for esterification of oleic acid with methanol with RH600 had the highest initial formation rate (6.33 mmol L−1 min−1) and yield (97%). The reusability of the catalyst showed gradually dropped yield of product for every recycle, which might be due to leaching of –SO3H. Finally, esterification of oil recovered from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with methanol achieved a conversion of 87.3% free fatty acids (FFA) into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Elsevier 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/1/Esterification%20of%20residual%20palm%20oil%20using%20solid%20acid%20catalyst%20derived%20from%20rice%20husk.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/3/Esterification%20of%20residual%20palm%20oil%20using%20solid%20acid%20catalyst%20derived%20from%20rice%20husk%20_ABSTRACT.pdf Winnie Sinan Balan and Jidon Janaun and Chung, Chin Hing and Veroneka Semilin and Zhu, Zongyuan and Haywood, Stephanie K. and Touhami, Dalila and Chong, Khim Phin and Abu Zahrim Yaser and Lee, Ping Chin and Sharif H. Zein (2021) Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 404 (124092). pp. 1-11. ISSN 0304-3894 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389420320823?casa_token=xB-J9PNkxmEAAAAA:qJ2i2SS_tTuBQ_SPHe8fjbvsWzCEIVrQH-1z6KdSIQAJoEmRtigc2TbgpWo50Di7JyJ4SNGy5eY https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124092
institution Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building UMS Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language English
English
topic TP1-1185 Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP1-1185 Chemical technology
Winnie Sinan Balan
Jidon Janaun
Chung, Chin Hing
Veroneka Semilin
Zhu, Zongyuan
Haywood, Stephanie K.
Touhami, Dalila
Chong, Khim Phin
Abu Zahrim Yaser
Lee, Ping Chin
Sharif H. Zein
Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
description In this study, carbon-silica based acid catalysts derived from rice husks (RH) were successfully synthesised using microwave (MW) technology. The results showed that MW sulphonation produced Sulphur (S) content of 17.2–18.5 times higher than in raw RH. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed peak at 1035 cm−1 which corresponded to O˭S˭O stretching of sulphonic (-SO3H) group. XRD showed sulfonated RH catalysts (SRHCs) have amorphous structure, and through SEM, broadening of the RH voids and also formation of pores is observed. RH600 had the highest surface area of 14.52 m2/g. SRHCs showed high catalytic activity for esterification of oleic acid with methanol with RH600 had the highest initial formation rate (6.33 mmol L−1 min−1) and yield (97%). The reusability of the catalyst showed gradually dropped yield of product for every recycle, which might be due to leaching of –SO3H. Finally, esterification of oil recovered from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with methanol achieved a conversion of 87.3% free fatty acids (FFA) into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
format Article
author Winnie Sinan Balan
Jidon Janaun
Chung, Chin Hing
Veroneka Semilin
Zhu, Zongyuan
Haywood, Stephanie K.
Touhami, Dalila
Chong, Khim Phin
Abu Zahrim Yaser
Lee, Ping Chin
Sharif H. Zein
author_facet Winnie Sinan Balan
Jidon Janaun
Chung, Chin Hing
Veroneka Semilin
Zhu, Zongyuan
Haywood, Stephanie K.
Touhami, Dalila
Chong, Khim Phin
Abu Zahrim Yaser
Lee, Ping Chin
Sharif H. Zein
author_sort Winnie Sinan Balan
title Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
title_short Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
title_full Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
title_fullStr Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
title_full_unstemmed Esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
title_sort esterification of residual palm oil using solid acid catalyst derived from rice husk
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/1/Esterification%20of%20residual%20palm%20oil%20using%20solid%20acid%20catalyst%20derived%20from%20rice%20husk.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/3/Esterification%20of%20residual%20palm%20oil%20using%20solid%20acid%20catalyst%20derived%20from%20rice%20husk%20_ABSTRACT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/33217/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389420320823?casa_token=xB-J9PNkxmEAAAAA:qJ2i2SS_tTuBQ_SPHe8fjbvsWzCEIVrQH-1z6KdSIQAJoEmRtigc2TbgpWo50Di7JyJ4SNGy5eY
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124092
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score 13.211869

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