Preparation and characterization on rice husk ash filled tapioca starch composites
This research presents the production of tapioca starch as biopolymer and rice husk ash (RHA) as the filler material. Tapioca starch films prepared using casting method and optimizing with different thermal treatment temperature (0oC, 40 oC, 60oC and 80 oC) which was determine chemically and mechani...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26952/1/Preparation%20and%20characterization%20on%20rice%20husk%20ash%20filled%20tapioca%20starch%20composites.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26952/ |
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| Summary: | This research presents the production of tapioca starch as biopolymer and rice husk ash (RHA) as the filler material. Tapioca starch films prepared using casting method and optimizing with different thermal treatment temperature (0oC, 40 oC, 60oC and 80 oC) which was determine chemically and mechanically. Meanwhile the fabrication of rice husk ash (RHA) filled with tapioca starch (TPS) composites was successfully developed whereas composites were prepared using two different technique with simple casting; first, the mixture of TPS films (glycerol, water, and tapioca starch) were added with RHA powder and second, the mixture of TPS films (glycerol, water and tapioca starch) were added with homogenous dispersion of RHA in water. Rice husk ash was produced from hydrolysis treatment by 2M HCl followed by calcinations at 700oC for 24 hour. The effects of thermal treatment and the size of the filler with varying content of rice husk ash (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) on biodegradability, thermal, physical and mechanical properties of tapioca starch composite were evaluated in order to characterize the composites. From optimizing result, it was found that different thermal temperature TPS films showed same spectra pattern as shown in FTIR result. For tensile strength result, tensile strength of TPS increased by 240% at 40 oC, 400% at 60 oC and 600% at 80 oC respectively. Meanwhile, for TPS/RHA results shows have shown a significant decrease in biodegradability, density, water absorption and mechanical properties with the increase of rice husk ash content. However, after thermal treatment of the biopolymer at temperature 80oC for 24 hours, all composite showed an increase in tensile strength. From method A, the result has shown that the tensile strength increases of TPS/RHA matrix was 13.04% for TPS/RHA 0, 124.78% for TPS/RHA 1, 340.25% for TPS/RHA 2, and 310.64% for TPS/RHA 3, after thermal treatment at 80oC for 24 hours. Meanwhile, TPS/RHA with smaller particle of filler size with presence of thermal treatment showed that tensile strength increase was 150.72% for TPS/RHA 1, 371.69% for TPS/RHA 2, and 693.62% for TPS/RHA 3. From method B, the result has shown similar pattern, in which the tensile strength increase of TPS/RHA matrix was 13.04% for TPS/RHA 0, 145.08% for TPS/RHA 1, 199.91% for TPS/RHA 2, and 480% for TPS/RHA 3 after thermal treatment. Meanwhile, TPS/RHA with smaller particle of filler size with presence of thermal treatment showed that tensile strength increase was 257.51% for TPS/RHA 1, 69.21% for TPS/RHA 2, and 420% for TPS/RHA 3. The addition of rice husk ash as filler do not affect the chemical properties of composites as shown in FTIR results, in which all composites have shown the same pattern. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) has proven that rice husk ash increases the thermal stability of composites. Meanwhile, SEM has shown the fracture of the composite which explained the observed mechanical properties. Thus, rice husk ash can act as a filler in the development of green biocomposites. This may help in reducing air pollution by the burning of rice husk, and offer a better solution in producing renewable biocomposites. |
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