Characterization and Concentration and source identification of Polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons in selected sites of Kota Kinabalu Port, Sabah
Sixteen US-EPA priority pollutant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons were analyzed from the sedimentary samples collected in 9 stations from Kota Kinabalu Port, Sabah on 2013. Top 2-3 cm sediments were collected from samples, placed inside pre-cleaned glass jars and placed in the cooler box under i...
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| Format: | Research Report |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/22936/1/Characterization%20and%20Concentration%20and%20source%20identification%20of%20Polycyclic%20aromatic%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20selected%20sites%20of%20Kota%20Kinabalu.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/22936/ |
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| Summary: | Sixteen US-EPA priority pollutant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons were analyzed from
the sedimentary samples collected in 9 stations from Kota Kinabalu Port, Sabah on 2013.
Top 2-3 cm sediments were collected from samples, placed inside pre-cleaned glass jars
and placed in the cooler box under ice condition and transferred immediately inside the
freezer. In laboratory, the samples were kept under room temperature to defrost,
homogenized using spatula and dried in sodium sulfate. The samples then transferred
inside cellulose thimbles and placed in the glass chamber at Soxhlet as extraction
apparatus using Dichloromethane as organic solvent for 11 hours. The extracted materials
were treated with activated copper, reduced its volume in rotary evaporator system then
cleaned in 5% deactivated silica gel in hand packed glass column. Isolated sample then
fractionated in another column using silica gel as stationary phase and Hexane:DCM (3:1,
v:v) to get the PAHs fraction. The fraction was sent to Gas Chromatography Mass
Spectrometry for instrumentation analysis. A group of PAHs authentic standards were
employed to recover the compounds' lost, quantify and qualify the target compounds as
internal, surrogate and native standards. The results have shown that except
Benzo(a)pyrene other 15 PAHs are existed in the studied area from one station to
another. The concentration in total ranged from 28 to 625 nglg d.w. Toxic PAHs were
more abundant than carcinogenic PAHs in studied area. Stations near the main loading
area of the port, deep depository sedimentary environment and near busy human
activities were significant and ranging from 400-600 nglg d.w. The PAHs pattern has
shown a fresh hydrocarbon input to the study area mostly coming from nearby locations at
city center activities via daily rain wash off. Considerable amount of PAHs, its combination
and isomer pair ratio have shown that internal combustion engines and small and heavy
shipping vessels have contributed significantly into the PAHs deposition in the study area.
Further scientific survey is suggested to be implemented for other ports across Sabah and
evaluating the sources of PAHs by employing a class of biomarker such as pentacyclic
triterpanes. Several studies by postgraduate students would be able to help in these
scientific inquiries. |
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