Cover Image

Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children

The objective of this article is to study the influence of exposure and socio-economic variables on the blood lead level of Malaysian school children. Data on respirable lead and blood lead of 346 school children were obtained from Kuala Lumpur (urban), Kemaman (semi-urban) and Setiu (rural). Respir...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jamal Hisham Hashim, Zailina Hashim, Ariffin Omar, Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publications 2000
Subjects:
RA Public aspects of medicine
Online Access:https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/19055/1/Blood%20lead%20levels%20of%20urban.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/19055/
https://doi.org/10.1177/101053950001200203
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.ums.eprints.19055
record_format eprints
spelling my.ums.eprints.190552018-03-06T00:34:32Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/19055/ Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children Jamal Hisham Hashim Zailina Hashim Ariffin Omar Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin RA Public aspects of medicine The objective of this article is to study the influence of exposure and socio-economic variables on the blood lead level of Malaysian school children. Data on respirable lead and blood lead of 346 school children were obtained from Kuala Lumpur (urban), Kemaman (semi-urban) and Setiu (rural). Respirable lead and blood lead were highest for Kuala Lumpur (95 ng/m3 and 5.26 μg/dL) followed by Kemaman (27 ng/m3 and 2.81μg/dL) and Setiu (15 ng/m3 and 2.49 μg/dL), and the differences were statistically significant. The percentage of school children with excessive blood lead of 10 μg/dL or greater was 6.36 % overall, and highest for Kuala Lumpur (11.73 %). Regression analyses show that urban children are at higher risk of exhibiting excessive blood lead levels. Kuala Lumpur's school children have a 25 times greater risk of having excessive blood lead levels when compared to Kemaman's and Setiu's school children. Respirable and blood lead were correlated (r=0.999, p=0.021). Urban school children acquire higher blood lead levels than their rural and semi-urban counterparts, even after controlling for age, sex, parents' education and income levels. In conclusion, it is time that lead in the Malaysian environment and population be monitored closely, especially its temporal and spatial variability. Only then can a comprehensive preventive strategy be implemented. SAGE Publications 2000-07 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/19055/1/Blood%20lead%20levels%20of%20urban.pdf Jamal Hisham Hashim and Zailina Hashim and Ariffin Omar and Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin (2000) Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2 (2). pp. 65-70. ISSN 1941-2479 https://doi.org/10.1177/101053950001200203
institution Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building UMS Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language English
topic RA Public aspects of medicine
spellingShingle RA Public aspects of medicine
Jamal Hisham Hashim
Zailina Hashim
Ariffin Omar
Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin
Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children
description The objective of this article is to study the influence of exposure and socio-economic variables on the blood lead level of Malaysian school children. Data on respirable lead and blood lead of 346 school children were obtained from Kuala Lumpur (urban), Kemaman (semi-urban) and Setiu (rural). Respirable lead and blood lead were highest for Kuala Lumpur (95 ng/m3 and 5.26 μg/dL) followed by Kemaman (27 ng/m3 and 2.81μg/dL) and Setiu (15 ng/m3 and 2.49 μg/dL), and the differences were statistically significant. The percentage of school children with excessive blood lead of 10 μg/dL or greater was 6.36 % overall, and highest for Kuala Lumpur (11.73 %). Regression analyses show that urban children are at higher risk of exhibiting excessive blood lead levels. Kuala Lumpur's school children have a 25 times greater risk of having excessive blood lead levels when compared to Kemaman's and Setiu's school children. Respirable and blood lead were correlated (r=0.999, p=0.021). Urban school children acquire higher blood lead levels than their rural and semi-urban counterparts, even after controlling for age, sex, parents' education and income levels. In conclusion, it is time that lead in the Malaysian environment and population be monitored closely, especially its temporal and spatial variability. Only then can a comprehensive preventive strategy be implemented.
format Article
author Jamal Hisham Hashim
Zailina Hashim
Ariffin Omar
Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin
author_facet Jamal Hisham Hashim
Zailina Hashim
Ariffin Omar
Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin
author_sort Jamal Hisham Hashim
title Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children
title_short Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children
title_full Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children
title_fullStr Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children
title_full_unstemmed Blood lead levels of urban and rural Malaysian primary school children
title_sort blood lead levels of urban and rural malaysian primary school children
publisher SAGE Publications
publishDate 2000
url https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/19055/1/Blood%20lead%20levels%20of%20urban.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/19055/
https://doi.org/10.1177/101053950001200203
_version_ 1760229529674055680
score 13.211869

Similar Items