Cover Image

Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule

The inherent source of gelatin used for commercial hard capsules causes a surging demand for vegetarian capsules. In this work, carrageenan is utilized in preparing hard capsules to meet consumer preferences. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was incorporated as a reinforcing agent to improve the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nur Amalina, Ramli, Fatmawati, Adam, Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin, Adibi, M. Nor, Ries, Michael E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: John Wiley & Sons 2022
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37096/1/Ramli%202022_Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Chemical%20Engineering.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37096/
http://10.1002/cjce.24595
https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.24595
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.ump.umpir.37096
record_format eprints
spelling my.ump.umpir.370962023-02-23T07:39:58Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37096/ Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule Nur Amalina, Ramli Fatmawati, Adam Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Adibi, M. Nor Ries, Michael E. TP Chemical technology The inherent source of gelatin used for commercial hard capsules causes a surging demand for vegetarian capsules. In this work, carrageenan is utilized in preparing hard capsules to meet consumer preferences. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was incorporated as a reinforcing agent to improve the low mechanical properties of hard capsules made of carrageenan. The HPMC concentration was manipulated from 0.2 to 1.0 w/v% in the carrageenan matrix. The increasing concentration of HPMC exerts significant effects on the tensile strength and elongation at break, with an improvement of 59.1% and 46.9%, respectively, at the optimized HPMC concentration of 0.8 w/v%. The loop strength of the capsule is also increased by 56.4% with decreasing moisture content. The downfield movement from around 3.20 ppm of the carrageenan proton to 3.33 ppm in the proton nuclear magnetic resonanance ( 1H-NMR) spectrum suggests the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between carrageenan and HPMC, which correlates to the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential. The glass transition temperature of the film was increased from 37.8 to 65.3C, showing an upgrade in thermal stability. The film possesses a major mass loss with an activation energy of 64.7 kJ/mol with an increment of 43.4% compared to the control carrageenan. These findings support the conclusion that HPMC enhanced the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the carrageenan film, and the comprehensive analysis of the molecular interaction and decomposition kinetics subsequently may expand the application fields of the carrageenan-HPMC hard capsule as an alternative to gelatin in the future. John Wiley & Sons 2022 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37096/1/Ramli%202022_Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Chemical%20Engineering.pdf Nur Amalina, Ramli and Fatmawati, Adam and Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin and Adibi, M. Nor and Ries, Michael E. (2022) Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 101 (3). pp. 1219-1234. ISSN 1939-019X http://10.1002/cjce.24595 https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.24595
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Pahang
content_source UMP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://umpir.ump.edu.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Nur Amalina, Ramli
Fatmawati, Adam
Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin
Adibi, M. Nor
Ries, Michael E.
Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
description The inherent source of gelatin used for commercial hard capsules causes a surging demand for vegetarian capsules. In this work, carrageenan is utilized in preparing hard capsules to meet consumer preferences. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was incorporated as a reinforcing agent to improve the low mechanical properties of hard capsules made of carrageenan. The HPMC concentration was manipulated from 0.2 to 1.0 w/v% in the carrageenan matrix. The increasing concentration of HPMC exerts significant effects on the tensile strength and elongation at break, with an improvement of 59.1% and 46.9%, respectively, at the optimized HPMC concentration of 0.8 w/v%. The loop strength of the capsule is also increased by 56.4% with decreasing moisture content. The downfield movement from around 3.20 ppm of the carrageenan proton to 3.33 ppm in the proton nuclear magnetic resonanance ( 1H-NMR) spectrum suggests the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between carrageenan and HPMC, which correlates to the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential. The glass transition temperature of the film was increased from 37.8 to 65.3C, showing an upgrade in thermal stability. The film possesses a major mass loss with an activation energy of 64.7 kJ/mol with an increment of 43.4% compared to the control carrageenan. These findings support the conclusion that HPMC enhanced the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the carrageenan film, and the comprehensive analysis of the molecular interaction and decomposition kinetics subsequently may expand the application fields of the carrageenan-HPMC hard capsule as an alternative to gelatin in the future.
format Article
author Nur Amalina, Ramli
Fatmawati, Adam
Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin
Adibi, M. Nor
Ries, Michael E.
author_facet Nur Amalina, Ramli
Fatmawati, Adam
Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin
Adibi, M. Nor
Ries, Michael E.
author_sort Nur Amalina, Ramli
title Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
title_short Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
title_full Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
title_fullStr Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
title_sort evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hard capsule
publisher John Wiley & Sons
publishDate 2022
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37096/1/Ramli%202022_Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Chemical%20Engineering.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/37096/
http://10.1002/cjce.24595
https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.24595
_version_ 1758950525892558848
score 13.211869

Similar Items