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Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software

Carbon doping was ascertained as a best strategy to improve the surface area and electronic properties of g-C3N4. Additionally, the carbon material could extend the delocalization of pi-electrons consequently fostering the photocatalytic reactions. Herein, a newly formulated carbon doped exfoliated...

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Main Authors: Thurga Devi, Munusamy, Sim, Yee Chin, Khan, Md. Maksudur Rahman
Format: Conference or Workshop Item
Language:English
English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2021
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/1/Photoreforming%20hydrogen%20production%20by%20carbon%20doped%20exfoliated_FULL.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/2/Photoreforming%20hydrogen%20production%20by%20carbon%20doped%20exfoliated.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.106
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.106
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spelling my.ump.umpir.343912022-07-13T07:41:04Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/ Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software Thurga Devi, Munusamy Sim, Yee Chin Khan, Md. Maksudur Rahman T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology Carbon doping was ascertained as a best strategy to improve the surface area and electronic properties of g-C3N4. Additionally, the carbon material could extend the delocalization of pi-electrons consequently fostering the photocatalytic reactions. Herein, a newly formulated carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4 was prepared by a facile hydrothermal technique. The photocatalytic experiments using formaldehyde aqueous solution was employed to examine the effect of time and catalyst dosage. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters and determine the best operating conditions using Design Expert Software Version 7.1.6. The changes in the functional groups of the catalyst before and after the reaction was characterized by FTIR analysis. As a result, the characteristic peak of tri-s-triazine located at 802 cm−1 was present in the recycled catalyst. This outcome confirms that the melon structures were not destroyed after the reaction thereby revealing better stability of the catalyst. UV–Vis DRS analysis was used to evaluate the band gap of the as-prepared catalysts. From the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) results, the range of the independent variables were selected as follows: time (4–8 h) and catalyst dosage (0.5–1 g/L). Based on the central composite design (CCD) matrix, the optimum conditions for hydrogen yield (920 µmol/g) were observed at 6 h using 0.75 g/L of catalyst. In the optimization process, the response of the interactions between the parameters were given by the polynomial quadratic model and 3D plot. The influencing factors on the reaction were analysed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The highest R-squared value of 0.9797 and F-value of 46.31 evidenced an excellent fitting of the model. Hence, this work provides some insights on the development of Carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4 with their contribution towards photocatalytic field. Elsevier Ltd 2021 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/1/Photoreforming%20hydrogen%20production%20by%20carbon%20doped%20exfoliated_FULL.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/2/Photoreforming%20hydrogen%20production%20by%20carbon%20doped%20exfoliated.pdf Thurga Devi, Munusamy and Sim, Yee Chin and Khan, Md. Maksudur Rahman (2021) Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software. In: Materials Today: Proceedings, International Symposium of Reaction Engineering, Catalysis & Sustainable Energy (RECaSE 2021), 6 April 2021 , Virtual Conference, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia. pp. 1-7., 57 (Part 3). ISSN 2214-7853 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.106 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.106
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Pahang
content_source UMP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://umpir.ump.edu.my/
language English
English
topic T Technology (General)
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
TP Chemical technology
Thurga Devi, Munusamy
Sim, Yee Chin
Khan, Md. Maksudur Rahman
Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software
description Carbon doping was ascertained as a best strategy to improve the surface area and electronic properties of g-C3N4. Additionally, the carbon material could extend the delocalization of pi-electrons consequently fostering the photocatalytic reactions. Herein, a newly formulated carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4 was prepared by a facile hydrothermal technique. The photocatalytic experiments using formaldehyde aqueous solution was employed to examine the effect of time and catalyst dosage. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters and determine the best operating conditions using Design Expert Software Version 7.1.6. The changes in the functional groups of the catalyst before and after the reaction was characterized by FTIR analysis. As a result, the characteristic peak of tri-s-triazine located at 802 cm−1 was present in the recycled catalyst. This outcome confirms that the melon structures were not destroyed after the reaction thereby revealing better stability of the catalyst. UV–Vis DRS analysis was used to evaluate the band gap of the as-prepared catalysts. From the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) results, the range of the independent variables were selected as follows: time (4–8 h) and catalyst dosage (0.5–1 g/L). Based on the central composite design (CCD) matrix, the optimum conditions for hydrogen yield (920 µmol/g) were observed at 6 h using 0.75 g/L of catalyst. In the optimization process, the response of the interactions between the parameters were given by the polynomial quadratic model and 3D plot. The influencing factors on the reaction were analysed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The highest R-squared value of 0.9797 and F-value of 46.31 evidenced an excellent fitting of the model. Hence, this work provides some insights on the development of Carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4 with their contribution towards photocatalytic field.
format Conference or Workshop Item
author Thurga Devi, Munusamy
Sim, Yee Chin
Khan, Md. Maksudur Rahman
author_facet Thurga Devi, Munusamy
Sim, Yee Chin
Khan, Md. Maksudur Rahman
author_sort Thurga Devi, Munusamy
title Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software
title_short Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software
title_full Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software
title_fullStr Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software
title_full_unstemmed Photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-C3N4: Optimization using design expert®software
title_sort photoreforming hydrogen production by carbon doped exfoliated g-c3n4: optimization using design expert®software
publisher Elsevier Ltd
publishDate 2021
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/1/Photoreforming%20hydrogen%20production%20by%20carbon%20doped%20exfoliated_FULL.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/2/Photoreforming%20hydrogen%20production%20by%20carbon%20doped%20exfoliated.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34391/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.106
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.106
_version_ 1738510512692396032
score 13.211869

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