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The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review

The attempt to extract rare earth elements (REE) has started over a century ago using activated carbon and continues until today with various methods involved to improve the extraction yield. Instead of solid-liquid extraction, the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been more common due to th...

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Main Authors: Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat, Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2018
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/1/The%20evolution%20of%20mineral%20processing%20in%20extraction%20of%20rare%20earth%20elements%20using%20liquid.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.018
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spelling my.ump.umpir.209072020-02-28T02:12:04Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin TP Chemical technology The attempt to extract rare earth elements (REE) has started over a century ago using activated carbon and continues until today with various methods involved to improve the extraction yield. Instead of solid-liquid extraction, the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been more common due to the convenient arrangement of the process. Solvent extraction is the main process applied in LLE of REE and along the way, various kind of solvent extractants have evolved. The use of traditional extractants (e.g., benzene, heptane, and kerosene) in LLE has been diverted to the application of conventional extractants (e.g., tributyl phosphate (TBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and Cyanex 923 to increase the extraction efficiency. Apparently, the disadvantages of conventional extractants have led to the application of ionic liquid (IL) in the evolution of extraction of REE. IL was found as a potential extractant for REE due to its ability to extract certain metals, green solvent, and has the flexibility to create different combination of cation and anion. However, conventional extractants appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE compared to IL. Therefore, the complex solvents are then compromised and synergised to create better extractant with both advantages between conventional extractants and IL. Most synergistic extractants (SE) appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE and able to reduce the use of chemicals. These advantages make SE more desirable in solvent extraction. This paper highlights the evolution of REE extraction using various kind of extractants with advantages and disadvantages discoveries based on various literatures. Elsevier Ltd 2018 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/1/The%20evolution%20of%20mineral%20processing%20in%20extraction%20of%20rare%20earth%20elements%20using%20liquid.pdf Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat and Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin (2018) The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review. Minerals Engineering, 121. pp. 146-157. ISSN 0892-6875 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.018 doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.018
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Pahang
content_source UMP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://umpir.ump.edu.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat
Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
description The attempt to extract rare earth elements (REE) has started over a century ago using activated carbon and continues until today with various methods involved to improve the extraction yield. Instead of solid-liquid extraction, the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been more common due to the convenient arrangement of the process. Solvent extraction is the main process applied in LLE of REE and along the way, various kind of solvent extractants have evolved. The use of traditional extractants (e.g., benzene, heptane, and kerosene) in LLE has been diverted to the application of conventional extractants (e.g., tributyl phosphate (TBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and Cyanex 923 to increase the extraction efficiency. Apparently, the disadvantages of conventional extractants have led to the application of ionic liquid (IL) in the evolution of extraction of REE. IL was found as a potential extractant for REE due to its ability to extract certain metals, green solvent, and has the flexibility to create different combination of cation and anion. However, conventional extractants appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE compared to IL. Therefore, the complex solvents are then compromised and synergised to create better extractant with both advantages between conventional extractants and IL. Most synergistic extractants (SE) appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE and able to reduce the use of chemicals. These advantages make SE more desirable in solvent extraction. This paper highlights the evolution of REE extraction using various kind of extractants with advantages and disadvantages discoveries based on various literatures.
format Article
author Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat
Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
author_facet Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat
Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
author_sort Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat
title The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_short The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_full The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_fullStr The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_full_unstemmed The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_sort evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: a review
publisher Elsevier Ltd
publishDate 2018
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/1/The%20evolution%20of%20mineral%20processing%20in%20extraction%20of%20rare%20earth%20elements%20using%20liquid.pdf
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.018
_version_ 1662754706358796288
score 13.211869

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