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Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia

Several oil palm industry co-products can be utilized as animal feed, notably oil palm fronds(OPF), oil palm trunks (OPT), palm press fible(PPF), empty fruit bunches(EFB), palm kernel cake(PKC) and palm oil mill effluent(POME).These co-products are obtained either during the harvesting of the fruits...

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Main Authors: Wan Zahari Mohamed, A.R. Alimon, H.K. Wong
Format: Book Section
Language:English
Published: FAO Publications, Rome, Italy 2012
Online Access:http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/8517/1/Book%20Chapter%201.pdf
http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/8517/
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spelling my.umk.eprints.85172022-05-23T14:52:38Z http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/8517/ Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia Wan Zahari Mohamed A.R. Alimon H.K. Wong Several oil palm industry co-products can be utilized as animal feed, notably oil palm fronds(OPF), oil palm trunks (OPT), palm press fible(PPF), empty fruit bunches(EFB), palm kernel cake(PKC) and palm oil mill effluent(POME).These co-products are obtained either during the harvesting of the fruits, or the extraction and refining of crude palm oil(CPO) or palm kernel oil(PKO). Many of the co-products from the plantation(field residues) and processing mills need further processing before they can be used effectively in livestock diets.Information on chemical composition, nutritive values, improvement methods and feeding response of ruminants fed oil-palm co-product-based diets are widely documented. Besides livestock feeds, some co-products are also utilized in the manufacturing of industrial products and organic fertilizers.OPF has been successfully utilized as feedstuffs either freshly chopped, as silage, or processed into pellents and cubes. Optimum inclusion level in beef and dairy animals is about 30 percent. Ensiled OPT produced reasonably good liveweight gain(LWG)of about 0.7 kg/day in beef cattle when fed at levels between 30 and 40 percent. PPF has a lower digestibility, which limits its inclusion in ruminant diets to less than 20 percent. PKC is a high-energy source and is a cost-effective ingredient in ration formulations for various livestock species. Beef and dairy production utilizing PKC-based diets are more economical under local dietary and management systems than non-PKS-based diets. High content of fibre and shell can limit use in poultry and aquaculture. With biotechnological treatments, inclusion levels of PKC can be increased to 30 percent for poultry feeding. POME, the residue left from the purification of CPO, can be combined with PKC and OPF to provide a cost-effective and complete ration for feeding ruminant livestock. The use of EFB, the material remaining of fruit bunches after steaming, is very limited and is generally utilized only after irradiation and culture-substrate treatments. The utilization of other locally available oil-palm-based co-products is targeted at increasing dietary energy content and improving nutrient digestibility. These include palm-fatty acid distillates(PFAD)and CPO, which are more suited for supplementing dairy animals, poultry, swine and aquaculture. The use of spent bleaching earth(SBE), another co-product from the oil-palm refineries, is very limited at present.Improvement in feed conversion efficiency(FCE)and maximizing the use of local feedstuffs represents a potential area of application to reduce the high cost of feed in Malaysia, especially in the non-ruminant subsector. FAO Publications, Rome, Italy 2012 Book Section NonPeerReviewed text en http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/8517/1/Book%20Chapter%201.pdf Wan Zahari Mohamed and A.R. Alimon and H.K. Wong (2012) Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia. In: Biofuel co-products as livestock feed : opportunities and challenges. FAO Publications, Rome, Italy, pp. 243-262. ISBN 9789251072998
institution Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
building Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
content_source UMK Institutional Repository
url_provider http://umkeprints.umk.edu.my/
language English
description Several oil palm industry co-products can be utilized as animal feed, notably oil palm fronds(OPF), oil palm trunks (OPT), palm press fible(PPF), empty fruit bunches(EFB), palm kernel cake(PKC) and palm oil mill effluent(POME).These co-products are obtained either during the harvesting of the fruits, or the extraction and refining of crude palm oil(CPO) or palm kernel oil(PKO). Many of the co-products from the plantation(field residues) and processing mills need further processing before they can be used effectively in livestock diets.Information on chemical composition, nutritive values, improvement methods and feeding response of ruminants fed oil-palm co-product-based diets are widely documented. Besides livestock feeds, some co-products are also utilized in the manufacturing of industrial products and organic fertilizers.OPF has been successfully utilized as feedstuffs either freshly chopped, as silage, or processed into pellents and cubes. Optimum inclusion level in beef and dairy animals is about 30 percent. Ensiled OPT produced reasonably good liveweight gain(LWG)of about 0.7 kg/day in beef cattle when fed at levels between 30 and 40 percent. PPF has a lower digestibility, which limits its inclusion in ruminant diets to less than 20 percent. PKC is a high-energy source and is a cost-effective ingredient in ration formulations for various livestock species. Beef and dairy production utilizing PKC-based diets are more economical under local dietary and management systems than non-PKS-based diets. High content of fibre and shell can limit use in poultry and aquaculture. With biotechnological treatments, inclusion levels of PKC can be increased to 30 percent for poultry feeding. POME, the residue left from the purification of CPO, can be combined with PKC and OPF to provide a cost-effective and complete ration for feeding ruminant livestock. The use of EFB, the material remaining of fruit bunches after steaming, is very limited and is generally utilized only after irradiation and culture-substrate treatments. The utilization of other locally available oil-palm-based co-products is targeted at increasing dietary energy content and improving nutrient digestibility. These include palm-fatty acid distillates(PFAD)and CPO, which are more suited for supplementing dairy animals, poultry, swine and aquaculture. The use of spent bleaching earth(SBE), another co-product from the oil-palm refineries, is very limited at present.Improvement in feed conversion efficiency(FCE)and maximizing the use of local feedstuffs represents a potential area of application to reduce the high cost of feed in Malaysia, especially in the non-ruminant subsector.
format Book Section
author Wan Zahari Mohamed
A.R. Alimon
H.K. Wong
spellingShingle Wan Zahari Mohamed
A.R. Alimon
H.K. Wong
Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia
author_facet Wan Zahari Mohamed
A.R. Alimon
H.K. Wong
author_sort Wan Zahari Mohamed
title Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia
title_short Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia
title_full Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia
title_fullStr Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in Malaysia
title_sort utilization of oil palm co-products as feeds for livestock in malaysia
publisher FAO Publications, Rome, Italy
publishDate 2012
url http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/8517/1/Book%20Chapter%201.pdf
http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/8517/
_version_ 1763303995582971904
score 13.211869

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