Internalized stigma among patients with depression: Comparison between employed and unemployed group / Naemah Abdul Rahim
Internalized stigma among patients with depression: comparison between employed and unemployed group. Introduction Experiences of depression are often accompanied by perceptions of stigma. Internalized stigma has a variety of adverse effects such as lower self- esteem, impaired social adaptat...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Published: |
2016
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| Online Access: | http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7092/1/naemah.pdf http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7092/ |
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| Summary: | Internalized stigma among patients with depression: comparison between employed and unemployed group.
Introduction Experiences of depression are often accompanied by perceptions of stigma. Internalized
stigma has a variety of adverse effects such as lower self- esteem, impaired social
adaptation, unemployment, reduced adherence to psychiatric medication and limited
social support. Identifying potential risk that can become barrier to recovery will help in
managing people with depression.
Objectives
General objective of this study was to assess internalized stigma among patients with
depression. The secondary objective for this study was to identify the possible factors that
might be associated with internalized stigma among people diagnosed with depression.
Method This was a cross-sectional study. The study done on patients who had been diagnosed to
have depression for at least a month, who attending outpatient psychiatric clinic in
Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh. Ethical approval had been obtained from Ethic
committee Ministry of Health. The participants were given socio-demographic
questionnaire and ISMI scale to be answered. The participants then were assess for
severity of depression based on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Medical
records were traced to fill in the clinical history. Statistical analysis was done using
v
Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 software. Univariate and
multivariate analysis was done for the associated factors.
Results
204 patients were recruited among depressed patients. 70% of the patients were having
internalized stigma, ranging from mild to severe in severity. After univariate analysis,
severity of depression (p < 0.001) and past history of suicide (p=0.037) was found to have
significant positive association with high levels of internalized stigma among people with
depression. Only severity of depression was found to be significant after multivariate
analysis done. No association was seen between levels of internalized stigma with
employment status and other demographic profile.
Conclusion
This study found significant association between levels of internalized stigma with
severity of depression and past history of suicide in patients who had depression. This
positive correlation could indicate that screening for internalized stigma among people
with depression may help in improving management of people with depression, in term
of improving severity of depression and suicide prevention. |
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