Development and validation of sadness regulation scale for adults in Yemen / Sumaia Mohammed Radman Zaid
Addressing the lack of measurement tools available to assess the strategies adults use to regulate sadness, this mixed-methods study developed and validated adults’ sadness regulation scale (ASRS) within the Yemeni context. In particular, the qualitative study (n = 20 participants) focused on ide...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Published: |
2024
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| Online Access: | http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/15615/1/Sumaia_Mohammed_Zaid.pdf http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/15615/2/Sumaia_Mohammed_Radman_Zaid.pdf http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/15615/ |
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| Summary: | Addressing the lack of measurement tools available to assess the strategies adults use to
regulate sadness, this mixed-methods study developed and validated adults’ sadness
regulation scale (ASRS) within the Yemeni context. In particular, the qualitative study (n
= 20 participants) focused on identifying the ASRS factors and items, whereas the
quantitative study focused on testing the corresponding psychometric properties. The
quantitative study consisted of a pilot study (n = 240 respondents) and the actual data
collection (n = 492 respondents). All data from the pilot study were subjected to
exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while data from the actual data collection were
subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Based on the qualitative findings,
Yemeni adults use 11 strategies to regulate sadness: religious coping, seeking emotional
or social support, distraction, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, adaptive responses to
sadness, expressive suppression, substance-based sadness regulation, avoidance,
rumination, and dysregulated sadness expressions. Meanwhile, the EFA results revealed
eight psychometrically valid and interpretable ASRS subfactors (56 items), which
explained 48.697% of the total variance. Based on the CFA results, ASRS appeared to be
better represented by the second-order model with seven subfactors and 36 items.
Furthermore, concurrent validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were
partially met in this study. The developed scale recorded Cronbach alpha’s coefficient of
0.78. With that, this study presented significant implications on emotional education
interventions that serve to improve adults’ skills in controlling negative emotions and
managing their responses to these emotions.
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