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Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel

The physical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) such as density, viscosity, conductivity, melting point and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) prepared from tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) and lactic acid (LA) were investigated at temperatures from 303.15 K to 373.15 K. Three adjustable p...

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Main Authors: Abed, Khalid M., Hayyan, Adeeb, Hizaddin, Hanee F., Basirun, Wan Jefrey, Hashim, Mohd Ali
Format: Article
Published: Springer Heidelberg 2024
Subjects:
QD Chemistry
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/47171/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04310-w
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spelling my.um.eprints.471712024-12-30T04:52:01Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/47171/ Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel Abed, Khalid M. Hayyan, Adeeb Hizaddin, Hanee F. Basirun, Wan Jefrey Hashim, Mohd Ali QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology The physical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) such as density, viscosity, conductivity, melting point and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) prepared from tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) and lactic acid (LA) were investigated at temperatures from 303.15 K to 373.15 K. Three adjustable parameter correlations such as the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT), Arrhenius and Litovitz models were used in the viscosity experiments. The DESs and activated carbon (AC) were employed for the removal of soap from biodiesel (BD) as an alternative to traditional water-based washing operations. The DESs molar ratio, DESs to biodiesel volume ratio, stirring speed and extraction time were optimized. The results showed that the VFT model gave the closest match in the viscosity experiments. From the extraction results, the optimal conditions for the decrease of the soap concentration in accordance with the ASTM D6751 standards were achieved using 1:1 volume ratio of DES to biodiesel, 1:4 molar ratio of DES, mixing speed of 150 rpm and extraction time of 6 minutes. An addition of 0.03 g of AC into the DES improved the oil BD purification. In contrast, the incorporation of AC into the DES enhanced the extraction yields while shortening the extraction time dramatically compared to the pure DESs. The enhanced interaction between the functional groups of the soap molecules with the AC surface is due to the large surface area with rough edges and high porosity of the AC. The utilization of AC and DES can be considered as a new route for the downstream processing of crude BD and could replace water as the washing agent. Springer Heidelberg 2024-08 Article PeerReviewed Abed, Khalid M. and Hayyan, Adeeb and Hizaddin, Hanee F. and Basirun, Wan Jefrey and Hashim, Mohd Ali (2024) Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14 (15). pp. 17805-17818. ISSN 2190-6815, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04310-w <https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04310-w>. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04310-w 10.1007/s13399-023-04310-w
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic QD Chemistry
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle QD Chemistry
TP Chemical technology
Abed, Khalid M.
Hayyan, Adeeb
Hizaddin, Hanee F.
Basirun, Wan Jefrey
Hashim, Mohd Ali
Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel
description The physical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) such as density, viscosity, conductivity, melting point and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) prepared from tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) and lactic acid (LA) were investigated at temperatures from 303.15 K to 373.15 K. Three adjustable parameter correlations such as the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT), Arrhenius and Litovitz models were used in the viscosity experiments. The DESs and activated carbon (AC) were employed for the removal of soap from biodiesel (BD) as an alternative to traditional water-based washing operations. The DESs molar ratio, DESs to biodiesel volume ratio, stirring speed and extraction time were optimized. The results showed that the VFT model gave the closest match in the viscosity experiments. From the extraction results, the optimal conditions for the decrease of the soap concentration in accordance with the ASTM D6751 standards were achieved using 1:1 volume ratio of DES to biodiesel, 1:4 molar ratio of DES, mixing speed of 150 rpm and extraction time of 6 minutes. An addition of 0.03 g of AC into the DES improved the oil BD purification. In contrast, the incorporation of AC into the DES enhanced the extraction yields while shortening the extraction time dramatically compared to the pure DESs. The enhanced interaction between the functional groups of the soap molecules with the AC surface is due to the large surface area with rough edges and high porosity of the AC. The utilization of AC and DES can be considered as a new route for the downstream processing of crude BD and could replace water as the washing agent.
format Article
author Abed, Khalid M.
Hayyan, Adeeb
Hizaddin, Hanee F.
Basirun, Wan Jefrey
Hashim, Mohd Ali
author_facet Abed, Khalid M.
Hayyan, Adeeb
Hizaddin, Hanee F.
Basirun, Wan Jefrey
Hashim, Mohd Ali
author_sort Abed, Khalid M.
title Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel
title_short Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel
title_full Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel
title_fullStr Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel
title_full_unstemmed Lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel
title_sort lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents and activated carbon for soap removal from crude biodiesel
publisher Springer Heidelberg
publishDate 2024
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/47171/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04310-w
_version_ 1819909895037648896
score 13.223943

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