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Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing

The development of Web 3.0 is aimed at utilizing available information to enhance users' experiences of searching, allowing this process to be catered by different users to their own needs. However, websites do not make life easier for blind users. Unconditional situations lead to the frustrati...

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Main Authors: Sulong, Suraina, Yusof, Raja Jamilah Raja
Format: Article
Published: Springer Verlag (Germany) 2024
Subjects:
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/47157/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01035-5
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spelling my.um.eprints.471572024-12-30T02:10:45Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/47157/ Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing Sulong, Suraina Yusof, Raja Jamilah Raja QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science The development of Web 3.0 is aimed at utilizing available information to enhance users' experiences of searching, allowing this process to be catered by different users to their own needs. However, websites do not make life easier for blind users. Unconditional situations lead to the frustration and total exclusion of blind users. To overcome the accessibility problems, this study aims to develop a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for browsing websites. We conducted a qualitative empirical study via usability test with structured interviews and task analysis in five different scenarios on a website using JAWS screen reader. Six blind users participated in this study. Their feedback was recorded on a video and transcribed into a GOMS model. From the activities, the participants indicated the challenges they faced to accomplish the tasks. The information obtained was analyzed, and BlUMM was developed based on Nielsen's usability principles, GOMS model, and Norman's action cycle model. The methodology was divided into three phases. Phase 1 was the identification of the challenges encountered by blind users while browsing the website. Phase 2 was the analysis of the ability of the blind users to accomplish tasks. Phase 3 involved mapping the blind users' actions. As a result, the BlUMM was developed with 14 elements, which were set/plan the goal, explore the browser/website, apply the existing mental model, discover new features, select features, predict the feedback, execute the plan, execute the task, perceive the feedback, interpret the feedback, change strategy, accomplish the goal, update the strategy, and implement the new mental model with four stages of user action: planning, selection, execution, and evaluation. Springer Verlag (Germany) 2024-08 Article PeerReviewed Sulong, Suraina and Yusof, Raja Jamilah Raja (2024) Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing. Universal Access in the Information Society, 23 (3). pp. 1343-1367. ISSN 1615-5289, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01035-5 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01035-5>. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01035-5 10.1007/s10209-023-01035-5
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
spellingShingle QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Sulong, Suraina
Yusof, Raja Jamilah Raja
Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing
description The development of Web 3.0 is aimed at utilizing available information to enhance users' experiences of searching, allowing this process to be catered by different users to their own needs. However, websites do not make life easier for blind users. Unconditional situations lead to the frustration and total exclusion of blind users. To overcome the accessibility problems, this study aims to develop a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for browsing websites. We conducted a qualitative empirical study via usability test with structured interviews and task analysis in five different scenarios on a website using JAWS screen reader. Six blind users participated in this study. Their feedback was recorded on a video and transcribed into a GOMS model. From the activities, the participants indicated the challenges they faced to accomplish the tasks. The information obtained was analyzed, and BlUMM was developed based on Nielsen's usability principles, GOMS model, and Norman's action cycle model. The methodology was divided into three phases. Phase 1 was the identification of the challenges encountered by blind users while browsing the website. Phase 2 was the analysis of the ability of the blind users to accomplish tasks. Phase 3 involved mapping the blind users' actions. As a result, the BlUMM was developed with 14 elements, which were set/plan the goal, explore the browser/website, apply the existing mental model, discover new features, select features, predict the feedback, execute the plan, execute the task, perceive the feedback, interpret the feedback, change strategy, accomplish the goal, update the strategy, and implement the new mental model with four stages of user action: planning, selection, execution, and evaluation.
format Article
author Sulong, Suraina
Yusof, Raja Jamilah Raja
author_facet Sulong, Suraina
Yusof, Raja Jamilah Raja
author_sort Sulong, Suraina
title Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing
title_short Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing
title_full Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing
title_fullStr Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing
title_full_unstemmed Developing a blind user mental model (BlUMM) for web browsing
title_sort developing a blind user mental model (blumm) for web browsing
publisher Springer Verlag (Germany)
publishDate 2024
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/47157/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01035-5
_version_ 1819909893076811776
score 13.235362

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