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Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments

This paper sheds light on the alarming issue of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in aquatic environments, exploring its detrimental effects on ecosystems and public health. It examines the multifaceted role of antibiotic use in aquaculture, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste in fostering the devel...

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Main Authors: Barathan, Muttiah, Ng, Sook-Luan, Lokanathan, Yogeswaran, Ng, Min Hwei, Law, Jia Xian
Format: Article
Published: MDPI 2024
Subjects:
R Medicine (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/47030/
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080
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spelling my.um.eprints.470302025-01-07T08:31:48Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/47030/ Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments Barathan, Muttiah Ng, Sook-Luan Lokanathan, Yogeswaran Ng, Min Hwei Law, Jia Xian R Medicine (General) This paper sheds light on the alarming issue of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in aquatic environments, exploring its detrimental effects on ecosystems and public health. It examines the multifaceted role of antibiotic use in aquaculture, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste in fostering the development and dissemination of resistant bacteria. The intricate interplay between various environmental factors, horizontal gene transfer, and bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in accelerating the spread of ABR is comprehensively discussed. Various BEVs carrying resistance genes like blaCTX-M, tetA, floR, and sul/I, as well as their contribution to the dominance of multidrug-resistant bacteria, are highlighted. The potential of BEVs as both a threat and a tool in combating ABR is explored, with promising strategies like targeted antimicrobial delivery systems and probiotic-derived EVs holding significant promise. This paper underscores the urgency of understanding the intricate interplay between BEVs and ABR in aquatic environments. By unraveling these unseen weapons, we pave the way for developing effective strategies to mitigate the spread of ABR, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that includes stringent regulations, enhanced wastewater treatment, and the adoption of sustainable practices in aquaculture. MDPI 2024-03 Article PeerReviewed Barathan, Muttiah and Ng, Sook-Luan and Lokanathan, Yogeswaran and Ng, Min Hwei and Law, Jia Xian (2024) Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25 (6). p. 3080. ISSN 1661-6596, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080 <https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080>. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080 10.3390/ijms25063080
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic R Medicine (General)
spellingShingle R Medicine (General)
Barathan, Muttiah
Ng, Sook-Luan
Lokanathan, Yogeswaran
Ng, Min Hwei
Law, Jia Xian
Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments
description This paper sheds light on the alarming issue of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in aquatic environments, exploring its detrimental effects on ecosystems and public health. It examines the multifaceted role of antibiotic use in aquaculture, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste in fostering the development and dissemination of resistant bacteria. The intricate interplay between various environmental factors, horizontal gene transfer, and bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in accelerating the spread of ABR is comprehensively discussed. Various BEVs carrying resistance genes like blaCTX-M, tetA, floR, and sul/I, as well as their contribution to the dominance of multidrug-resistant bacteria, are highlighted. The potential of BEVs as both a threat and a tool in combating ABR is explored, with promising strategies like targeted antimicrobial delivery systems and probiotic-derived EVs holding significant promise. This paper underscores the urgency of understanding the intricate interplay between BEVs and ABR in aquatic environments. By unraveling these unseen weapons, we pave the way for developing effective strategies to mitigate the spread of ABR, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that includes stringent regulations, enhanced wastewater treatment, and the adoption of sustainable practices in aquaculture.
format Article
author Barathan, Muttiah
Ng, Sook-Luan
Lokanathan, Yogeswaran
Ng, Min Hwei
Law, Jia Xian
author_facet Barathan, Muttiah
Ng, Sook-Luan
Lokanathan, Yogeswaran
Ng, Min Hwei
Law, Jia Xian
author_sort Barathan, Muttiah
title Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments
title_short Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments
title_full Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments
title_fullStr Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments
title_full_unstemmed Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments
title_sort unseen weapons: bacterial extracellular vesicles and the spread of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2024
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/47030/
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080
_version_ 1821105756478373888
score 13.226497

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