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Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation

Microalgae have garnered widespread attention as a sustainable source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. As for extracting lipids from microalgae, the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ionic liquids (IL) is shown to be promising. However, such an undertaking usually requires...

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Main Authors: Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei, Khezri, Ramin, Harun, Razif, Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang, Hussain, Siti Aslina, Chee, Ching Yern, Kheawhom, Soorathep
Format: Article
Published: Public Library of Science 2022
Subjects:
S Agriculture (General)
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/46280/
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267626
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spelling my.um.eprints.462802024-07-23T03:55:34Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/46280/ Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei Khezri, Ramin Harun, Razif Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang Hussain, Siti Aslina Chee, Ching Yern Kheawhom, Soorathep S Agriculture (General) TP Chemical technology Microalgae have garnered widespread attention as a sustainable source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. As for extracting lipids from microalgae, the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ionic liquids (IL) is shown to be promising. However, such an undertaking usually requires a large consumption of expensive ILs. This study innovatively employs tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMAm]CI]) as an additive in water medium to associate with microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction (MAILE) in extracting lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) microalgae. In extraction, knowledge of reaction kinetics is crucial since it provides the foundation for developing, controlling, and improving the processes of extraction. Herein, using MAILE, lipids are extracted from N. oceanica microalgae and transesterified to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Mass transfer kinetics are, therefore, investigated using the first and second-order rate law and Patricelli's model. In the development of models, the influence of temperature (60-90 degrees C) and reaction time (1-25 min) on EPA extraction is empirically evaluated. From the thermodynamic study, the positive values of Delta S (+0.10 kJ ma(-1) K-1) and Delta H (+32.50 kJ mol(-1)) and the negative value of Delta G (-1.68 to -4.75 kJ mol(-1)) confirm that this process is endothermic in nature, irreversible and spontaneous. MAILE proves to be a promising approach for the extraction of high-quality EPAs. Due to its low cost, rapid operation, and environmental friendliness, it is seen to be suitable for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Public Library of Science 2022-05-05 Article PeerReviewed Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei and Khezri, Ramin and Harun, Razif and Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang and Hussain, Siti Aslina and Chee, Ching Yern and Kheawhom, Soorathep (2022) Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation. PLoS ONE, 17 (5). ISSN 1932-6203, DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267626 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267626>. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267626 10.1371/journal.pone.0267626
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic S Agriculture (General)
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle S Agriculture (General)
TP Chemical technology
Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
Khezri, Ramin
Harun, Razif
Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang
Hussain, Siti Aslina
Chee, Ching Yern
Kheawhom, Soorathep
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
description Microalgae have garnered widespread attention as a sustainable source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. As for extracting lipids from microalgae, the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ionic liquids (IL) is shown to be promising. However, such an undertaking usually requires a large consumption of expensive ILs. This study innovatively employs tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMAm]CI]) as an additive in water medium to associate with microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction (MAILE) in extracting lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) microalgae. In extraction, knowledge of reaction kinetics is crucial since it provides the foundation for developing, controlling, and improving the processes of extraction. Herein, using MAILE, lipids are extracted from N. oceanica microalgae and transesterified to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Mass transfer kinetics are, therefore, investigated using the first and second-order rate law and Patricelli's model. In the development of models, the influence of temperature (60-90 degrees C) and reaction time (1-25 min) on EPA extraction is empirically evaluated. From the thermodynamic study, the positive values of Delta S (+0.10 kJ ma(-1) K-1) and Delta H (+32.50 kJ mol(-1)) and the negative value of Delta G (-1.68 to -4.75 kJ mol(-1)) confirm that this process is endothermic in nature, irreversible and spontaneous. MAILE proves to be a promising approach for the extraction of high-quality EPAs. Due to its low cost, rapid operation, and environmental friendliness, it is seen to be suitable for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
format Article
author Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
Khezri, Ramin
Harun, Razif
Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang
Hussain, Siti Aslina
Chee, Ching Yern
Kheawhom, Soorathep
author_facet Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
Khezri, Ramin
Harun, Razif
Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang
Hussain, Siti Aslina
Chee, Ching Yern
Kheawhom, Soorathep
author_sort Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
title Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
title_short Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
title_full Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
title_fullStr Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
title_full_unstemmed Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
title_sort kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/46280/
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267626
_version_ 1806442663714488320
score 13.211869

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