Antibacterial evaluation of gallic acid and its derivatives against a panel of multi-drug resistant bacteria
Background: Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of deaths worldwide. Path-ogenic bacteria have been developing tremendous resistance against antibiotics which has placed an additional burden on healthcare systems. Gallic acid belongs to a naturally occurring phenolic class of compounds...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Bentham Science Publishers
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/44950/ |
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| Summary: | Background: Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of deaths worldwide. Path-ogenic bacteria have been developing tremendous resistance against antibiotics which has placed an additional burden on healthcare systems. Gallic acid belongs to a naturally occurring phenolic class of compounds and is known to possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Aims & Objectives: In this study, we synthesized thirteen derivatives of gallic acid and evaluated their antibacterial potential against seven multi-drug resistant bacteria, as well as cytotoxic effects against human embryonic kidney cell line in vitro. Methods: 13 compounds were successfully synthesized with moderate to good yield and evaluated. Synthesized derivatives were characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was determined using microdilution while cytotoxicyt was assessed using MTT assay. Results: The results of antibacterial assay showed that seven out of thirteen compounds exhibited antibacterial effects with compound 6 and 13 being most potent against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 56 µg/mL) and Salmonella enterica (MIC 475 µg/mL) respectively. On the other hand, most of these compounds showed lower cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293), with IC50 values ranging from over 700 µg/mL. Conclusion: Notably, compound 13 was found to be non-toxic at concentrations as high as 5000 µg/mL. These findings suggest that the present synthetic derivatives of gallic acid hold potential for further studies in the development of potent antibacterial agents. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers. |
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