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Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization

Pyrolysis of oil palm biomass residue can convert the rich organic matter in biomass into sustainable green energy, thereby addressing the challenge of surplus oil palm biomass residue generated during cultivation. Nonetheless, the pyrolysis of oil palm leaves (OPLs) has received limited attention....

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Main Authors: Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik, Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah, Chan, Chung-Hung, Junaidi, Mohd Usman Mohd, Amir, Zulhelmi, Yusoff, Rozita
Format: Article
Published: Wiley 2024
Subjects:
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/44245/
https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2560
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spelling my.um.eprints.442452024-06-27T01:12:12Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/44245/ Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah Chan, Chung-Hung Junaidi, Mohd Usman Mohd Amir, Zulhelmi Yusoff, Rozita TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology Pyrolysis of oil palm biomass residue can convert the rich organic matter in biomass into sustainable green energy, thereby addressing the challenge of surplus oil palm biomass residue generated during cultivation. Nonetheless, the pyrolysis of oil palm leaves (OPLs) has received limited attention. In this study, design of experiment-response surface methodology (DoE-RSM) was employed to identify the optimal combination of reaction temperature, residence duration, and nitrogen (N-2) flow rate for maximum biochar yield. The elemental analysis, high heating value (HHV), functional group, morphology, pore structure, and thermal behavior were assessed. By varying the operational parameters using response surface methodology, the biochar yield increased by 32.6-85.3%. The DoE-RSM predicted a theoretical yield of 52.1% at 344 degrees C, 146 min, and 3.2 scfh N-2 flow rate. The experiment confirmed a comparable yield of 53.7% at the stated parameters. The HHV of 24.14 MJ kg(-1) was recorded under optimal conditions, and was comparable to sub-bituminous and bituminous coal. Fourier transform infrared analysis validated the OPL biochar by weakening O-H, C=O, C-OH, and C-H peaks. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed enlarged pores and altered morphology in the OPL biochar. X-ray diffraction showed lower crystallinity of the OPL biochar than the feedstock. Raman spectroscopy showed higher I-D/I-G, indicating a more disordered carbon structure in the OPL biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed higher temperature for main devolatilization of OPL biochar, and the differential thermogravimetric analysis curve pattern resembled that of Mukah Balingan coal. The findings are helpful for an initiative to convert a large amount of leftover OPLs produced during cultivation and to turn them into high value-added material for a sustainable contribution to a circular carbon economy. (c) 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Wiley 2024-01 Article PeerReviewed Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik and Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah and Chan, Chung-Hung and Junaidi, Mohd Usman Mohd and Amir, Zulhelmi and Yusoff, Rozita (2024) Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr, 18 (1). pp. 156-170. ISSN 1932-104X, DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2560 <https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2560>. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2560 10.1002/bbb.2560
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik
Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah
Chan, Chung-Hung
Junaidi, Mohd Usman Mohd
Amir, Zulhelmi
Yusoff, Rozita
Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization
description Pyrolysis of oil palm biomass residue can convert the rich organic matter in biomass into sustainable green energy, thereby addressing the challenge of surplus oil palm biomass residue generated during cultivation. Nonetheless, the pyrolysis of oil palm leaves (OPLs) has received limited attention. In this study, design of experiment-response surface methodology (DoE-RSM) was employed to identify the optimal combination of reaction temperature, residence duration, and nitrogen (N-2) flow rate for maximum biochar yield. The elemental analysis, high heating value (HHV), functional group, morphology, pore structure, and thermal behavior were assessed. By varying the operational parameters using response surface methodology, the biochar yield increased by 32.6-85.3%. The DoE-RSM predicted a theoretical yield of 52.1% at 344 degrees C, 146 min, and 3.2 scfh N-2 flow rate. The experiment confirmed a comparable yield of 53.7% at the stated parameters. The HHV of 24.14 MJ kg(-1) was recorded under optimal conditions, and was comparable to sub-bituminous and bituminous coal. Fourier transform infrared analysis validated the OPL biochar by weakening O-H, C=O, C-OH, and C-H peaks. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed enlarged pores and altered morphology in the OPL biochar. X-ray diffraction showed lower crystallinity of the OPL biochar than the feedstock. Raman spectroscopy showed higher I-D/I-G, indicating a more disordered carbon structure in the OPL biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed higher temperature for main devolatilization of OPL biochar, and the differential thermogravimetric analysis curve pattern resembled that of Mukah Balingan coal. The findings are helpful for an initiative to convert a large amount of leftover OPLs produced during cultivation and to turn them into high value-added material for a sustainable contribution to a circular carbon economy. (c) 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
format Article
author Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik
Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah
Chan, Chung-Hung
Junaidi, Mohd Usman Mohd
Amir, Zulhelmi
Yusoff, Rozita
author_facet Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik
Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah
Chan, Chung-Hung
Junaidi, Mohd Usman Mohd
Amir, Zulhelmi
Yusoff, Rozita
author_sort Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik
title Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization
title_short Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization
title_full Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization
title_fullStr Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization
title_full_unstemmed Elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: Optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization
title_sort elaeis guineensis leaves for potential renewable sub-bituminous coal: optimization of biochar yield by response surface methodology and product characterization
publisher Wiley
publishDate 2024
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/44245/
https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2560
_version_ 1805881142493052928
score 13.211869

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