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Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

BackgroundDiscrimination and inequality have been identified as significant problems faced by transgender individuals in sports participation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting equality.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aim...

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Main Authors:	Chan, Alex Siu Wing, Choong Wai Kwong, Alston, Phang, Kean Chang, Leung, Lok Man, Tang, Patrick Ming Kuen, Yan, Elsie
Format:	Article
Published:	Springernature 2024
Subjects:	HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform RC1200 Sports Medicine Mental healing
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/44168/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01493-9
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id	my.um.eprints.44168
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spelling	my.um.eprints.441682024-06-14T03:50:48Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/44168/ Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis Chan, Alex Siu Wing Choong Wai Kwong, Alston Phang, Kean Chang Leung, Lok Man Tang, Patrick Ming Kuen Yan, Elsie HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform RC1200 Sports Medicine Mental healing BackgroundDiscrimination and inequality have been identified as significant problems faced by transgender individuals in sports participation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting equality.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the experiences of transgender athletes in sports, focusing on mental health issues and factors contributing to inequality among transgender and other sexual minorities.MethodsThe study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and searched 10 electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to identify eligible studies published between 2005 and 2022. The search yielded 1430 articles, of which only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.ResultsThe meta-analysis of the 12 studies included in this review revealed that transgender athletes faced social discrimination and inequality in sports participation, resulting in mental health problems and higher rates of suicide. From a cohort of 21,565 participants in the studies, 7152 (33%) were subjected to discrimination in sports participation and healthcare, with a rate of 0.61 (95% confidence interval CI]: 0.35, 0.81). However, transgender athletes who felt welcomed and embraced by their respective teams accounted for 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.65). These results indicated significant differences between how transgender athletes are treated in healthcare settings and when participating in sports.ConclusionThe study findings underscore the need for policies, cultural research, and interventions to address discrimination and inequality faced by transgender athletes in sports participation. Promoting equality and safeguarding the rights of transgender athletes can mitigate the risk of mental health problems and increase physical activity among sexual minorities. Springernature 2024-01-16 Article PeerReviewed Chan, Alex Siu Wing and Choong Wai Kwong, Alston and Phang, Kean Chang and Leung, Lok Man and Tang, Patrick Ming Kuen and Yan, Elsie (2024) Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Psychology, 12 (1). ISSN 2050-7283, DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01493-9 <https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01493-9>. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01493-9 10.1186/s40359-023-01493-9
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform RC1200 Sports Medicine Mental healing
spellingShingle	HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform RC1200 Sports Medicine Mental healing Chan, Alex Siu Wing Choong Wai Kwong, Alston Phang, Kean Chang Leung, Lok Man Tang, Patrick Ming Kuen Yan, Elsie Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
description	BackgroundDiscrimination and inequality have been identified as significant problems faced by transgender individuals in sports participation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting equality.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the experiences of transgender athletes in sports, focusing on mental health issues and factors contributing to inequality among transgender and other sexual minorities.MethodsThe study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and searched 10 electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to identify eligible studies published between 2005 and 2022. The search yielded 1430 articles, of which only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.ResultsThe meta-analysis of the 12 studies included in this review revealed that transgender athletes faced social discrimination and inequality in sports participation, resulting in mental health problems and higher rates of suicide. From a cohort of 21,565 participants in the studies, 7152 (33%) were subjected to discrimination in sports participation and healthcare, with a rate of 0.61 (95% confidence interval CI]: 0.35, 0.81). However, transgender athletes who felt welcomed and embraced by their respective teams accounted for 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.65). These results indicated significant differences between how transgender athletes are treated in healthcare settings and when participating in sports.ConclusionThe study findings underscore the need for policies, cultural research, and interventions to address discrimination and inequality faced by transgender athletes in sports participation. Promoting equality and safeguarding the rights of transgender athletes can mitigate the risk of mental health problems and increase physical activity among sexual minorities.
format	Article
author	Chan, Alex Siu Wing Choong Wai Kwong, Alston Phang, Kean Chang Leung, Lok Man Tang, Patrick Ming Kuen Yan, Elsie
author_facet	Chan, Alex Siu Wing Choong Wai Kwong, Alston Phang, Kean Chang Leung, Lok Man Tang, Patrick Ming Kuen Yan, Elsie
author_sort	Chan, Alex Siu Wing
title	Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
title_short	Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
title_full	Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
title_fullStr	Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
title_sort	societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
publisher	Springernature
publishDate	2024
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/44168/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01493-9
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score	13.211869

Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

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