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Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students

Background Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among college students, especially Chinese college students, and it can cause many psychological problems for college students. However, there is no valid research instrument to evaluate Chinese college students’ smartphone addiction. Objective This...

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Main Authors: Zhao, Hao, Rafik-Galea, Shameem, Fitriana, Mimi, Song, Tian-Jiao
Format: Article
Published: Public Library of Science 2022
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/43672/
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spelling my.um.eprints.436722023-10-30T07:58:46Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/43672/ Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students Zhao, Hao Rafik-Galea, Shameem Fitriana, Mimi Song, Tian-Jiao Q Science (General) T Technology (General) Background Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among college students, especially Chinese college students, and it can cause many psychological problems for college students. However, there is no valid research instrument to evaluate Chinese college students’ smartphone addiction. Objective This study aimed to translate the Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Chinese Short version (SAS-CSV) among Chinese college students. Methods The SAS-SV was translated into Chinese using the forward-backward method. The SAS-CSV was completed by 557 Chinese college students (sample 1: n = 279; sample 2: n = 278). 62 college students were randomly selected from the 557 Chinese college students to be measured twice, with an interval of two weeks. The reliability of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, and the validity of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results The SAS-CSV presented good content validity, high internal consistency (sample 1: α = 0.829; sample 2: α = 0.881), and good test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.975; 95 CI: 0.966–0.985). After one exploratory factor analysis, three components (tolerance, withdrawal, and negative effect) with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained, and the cumulative variance contribution was 50.995. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all the fit indexes reached the standard of good model fit (χ2/df = 1.883, RMSEA = 0.056, NFI = 0.954, RFI = 0.935, IFI = 0.978, TLI = 0.969, CFI = 0.978). The SAS-CSV presented good convergent validity for the factor loading of all the items ranged from 0.626 to 0.892 (higher than 0.50), the three latent variables’ AVE ranged from 0.524 to 0.637 (higher than 0.50), and the three latent variables’ CR ranged from 0.813 to 0.838 (higher than 0.70). Moreover, the square roots of the AVE of component 1 (tolerance), component 2 (withdrawal) and component 3 (negative effect) were 0.724, 0.778, and 0.798, respectively, higher than they were with other correlation coefficients, indicating that the SAS-CSV had good discrimination validity. Conclusion The SAS-CSV is a valid instrument for measuring smartphone addiction among Chinese college students. Copyright: © 2022 Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Public Library of Science 2022-11-29 Article PeerReviewed Zhao, Hao and Rafik-Galea, Shameem and Fitriana, Mimi and Song, Tian-Jiao (2022) Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students. PLoS ONE, 17 (11). ISSN 1932-6203, DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278092 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278092>. 10.1371/journal.pone.0278092
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic Q Science (General)
T Technology (General)
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
T Technology (General)
Zhao, Hao
Rafik-Galea, Shameem
Fitriana, Mimi
Song, Tian-Jiao
Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students
description Background Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among college students, especially Chinese college students, and it can cause many psychological problems for college students. However, there is no valid research instrument to evaluate Chinese college students’ smartphone addiction. Objective This study aimed to translate the Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Chinese Short version (SAS-CSV) among Chinese college students. Methods The SAS-SV was translated into Chinese using the forward-backward method. The SAS-CSV was completed by 557 Chinese college students (sample 1: n = 279; sample 2: n = 278). 62 college students were randomly selected from the 557 Chinese college students to be measured twice, with an interval of two weeks. The reliability of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, and the validity of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results The SAS-CSV presented good content validity, high internal consistency (sample 1: α = 0.829; sample 2: α = 0.881), and good test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.975; 95 CI: 0.966–0.985). After one exploratory factor analysis, three components (tolerance, withdrawal, and negative effect) with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained, and the cumulative variance contribution was 50.995. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all the fit indexes reached the standard of good model fit (χ2/df = 1.883, RMSEA = 0.056, NFI = 0.954, RFI = 0.935, IFI = 0.978, TLI = 0.969, CFI = 0.978). The SAS-CSV presented good convergent validity for the factor loading of all the items ranged from 0.626 to 0.892 (higher than 0.50), the three latent variables’ AVE ranged from 0.524 to 0.637 (higher than 0.50), and the three latent variables’ CR ranged from 0.813 to 0.838 (higher than 0.70). Moreover, the square roots of the AVE of component 1 (tolerance), component 2 (withdrawal) and component 3 (negative effect) were 0.724, 0.778, and 0.798, respectively, higher than they were with other correlation coefficients, indicating that the SAS-CSV had good discrimination validity. Conclusion The SAS-CSV is a valid instrument for measuring smartphone addiction among Chinese college students. Copyright: © 2022 Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
format Article
author Zhao, Hao
Rafik-Galea, Shameem
Fitriana, Mimi
Song, Tian-Jiao
author_facet Zhao, Hao
Rafik-Galea, Shameem
Fitriana, Mimi
Song, Tian-Jiao
author_sort Zhao, Hao
title Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students
title_short Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students
title_full Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students
title_fullStr Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students
title_full_unstemmed Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students
title_sort translation and psychometric evaluation of smartphone addiction scale—short version (sas-sv) among chinese college students
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/43672/
_version_ 1781704715245977600
score 13.211869

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