Cover Image

Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia

Archaeological evidence has demonstrated that the Bujang Valley is Malaysia's richest archaeological site and served as the primary coastal centre. A study in the Bujang Valley found monuments related to trading activities and others that functioned as a temple related to the Hindu -Buddhist pe...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mokhtar, Naizatul Akma, Muztaza, Nordiana Mohd, Saidin, Mokhtar, Saad, Rosli, Masnan, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah, Ismail, Nur Azwin, Bery, Andy Anderson, Jia, Teoh Ying, Sapiai, Sarmiza, Zakaria, Muhamad Taqiuddin, Yunus, Norshidah, Muztaza, Norhidayahti Mohd, Ismail, Noer El Hidayah
Format: Article
Published: Acad Sci Czech Republic Inst Rock Structure & Mechanics 2022
Subjects:
QD Chemistry
QE Geology
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/41011/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.um.eprints.41011
record_format eprints
spelling my.um.eprints.410112023-08-29T07:16:05Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/41011/ Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia Mokhtar, Naizatul Akma Muztaza, Nordiana Mohd Saidin, Mokhtar Saad, Rosli Masnan, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah Ismail, Nur Azwin Bery, Andy Anderson Jia, Teoh Ying Sapiai, Sarmiza Zakaria, Muhamad Taqiuddin Yunus, Norshidah Muztaza, Norhidayahti Mohd Ismail, Noer El Hidayah QD Chemistry QE Geology Archaeological evidence has demonstrated that the Bujang Valley is Malaysia's richest archaeological site and served as the primary coastal centre. A study in the Bujang Valley found monuments related to trading activities and others that functioned as a temple related to the Hindu -Buddhist period. The main purpose of this study was to resolve issues and problems arising from previous studies related to the Bujang Valley civilisation, particularly in terms of iron studies. Geophysics plays a vital role in assisting archaeologists to obtain excellent preliminary results before they proceed with excavation and digging works. Therefore, the 2-D resistivity and ground -penetrating radar (GPR) methods were conducted to locate and map the potential iron smelting site at Site B2 (SB2). Three main characteristics that can be observed on the surface are a mound area, exposed clay bricks and surface finds. Two-D resistivity showed the resistivity values of a possible buried structure, with values > 800 omega m. Radargram profiles showed the highest amplitude, indicating the reflections uncovered in the location in certain survey lines. This paper presents the first summary of research on the metallurgical sites in the Bujang Valley, the most important site in Malaysia. Geophysical methods, which rely on a physical contrast between buried archaeological features and the properties of the surrounding subsoil, can assist archaeological investigations. Acad Sci Czech Republic Inst Rock Structure & Mechanics 2022 Article PeerReviewed Mokhtar, Naizatul Akma and Muztaza, Nordiana Mohd and Saidin, Mokhtar and Saad, Rosli and Masnan, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah and Ismail, Nur Azwin and Bery, Andy Anderson and Jia, Teoh Ying and Sapiai, Sarmiza and Zakaria, Muhamad Taqiuddin and Yunus, Norshidah and Muztaza, Norhidayahti Mohd and Ismail, Noer El Hidayah (2022) Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia. Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, 19 (3). pp. 201-217. ISSN 1214-9705, DOI https://doi.org/10.13168/AGG.2022.0008 <https://doi.org/10.13168/AGG.2022.0008>. 10.13168/AGG.2022.0008
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic QD Chemistry
QE Geology
spellingShingle QD Chemistry
QE Geology
Mokhtar, Naizatul Akma
Muztaza, Nordiana Mohd
Saidin, Mokhtar
Saad, Rosli
Masnan, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah
Ismail, Nur Azwin
Bery, Andy Anderson
Jia, Teoh Ying
Sapiai, Sarmiza
Zakaria, Muhamad Taqiuddin
Yunus, Norshidah
Muztaza, Norhidayahti Mohd
Ismail, Noer El Hidayah
Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia
description Archaeological evidence has demonstrated that the Bujang Valley is Malaysia's richest archaeological site and served as the primary coastal centre. A study in the Bujang Valley found monuments related to trading activities and others that functioned as a temple related to the Hindu -Buddhist period. The main purpose of this study was to resolve issues and problems arising from previous studies related to the Bujang Valley civilisation, particularly in terms of iron studies. Geophysics plays a vital role in assisting archaeologists to obtain excellent preliminary results before they proceed with excavation and digging works. Therefore, the 2-D resistivity and ground -penetrating radar (GPR) methods were conducted to locate and map the potential iron smelting site at Site B2 (SB2). Three main characteristics that can be observed on the surface are a mound area, exposed clay bricks and surface finds. Two-D resistivity showed the resistivity values of a possible buried structure, with values > 800 omega m. Radargram profiles showed the highest amplitude, indicating the reflections uncovered in the location in certain survey lines. This paper presents the first summary of research on the metallurgical sites in the Bujang Valley, the most important site in Malaysia. Geophysical methods, which rely on a physical contrast between buried archaeological features and the properties of the surrounding subsoil, can assist archaeological investigations.
format Article
author Mokhtar, Naizatul Akma
Muztaza, Nordiana Mohd
Saidin, Mokhtar
Saad, Rosli
Masnan, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah
Ismail, Nur Azwin
Bery, Andy Anderson
Jia, Teoh Ying
Sapiai, Sarmiza
Zakaria, Muhamad Taqiuddin
Yunus, Norshidah
Muztaza, Norhidayahti Mohd
Ismail, Noer El Hidayah
author_facet Mokhtar, Naizatul Akma
Muztaza, Nordiana Mohd
Saidin, Mokhtar
Saad, Rosli
Masnan, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah
Ismail, Nur Azwin
Bery, Andy Anderson
Jia, Teoh Ying
Sapiai, Sarmiza
Zakaria, Muhamad Taqiuddin
Yunus, Norshidah
Muztaza, Norhidayahti Mohd
Ismail, Noer El Hidayah
author_sort Mokhtar, Naizatul Akma
title Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia
title_short Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia
title_full Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia
title_fullStr Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia
title_sort geophysical approach to identifying ancient iron at sungai batu, bujang valley, kedah, malaysia
publisher Acad Sci Czech Republic Inst Rock Structure & Mechanics
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/41011/
_version_ 1776247429810618368
score 13.211869

Similar Items