Staff View: Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia

Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia

Background: Canine hookworm infection is endemic in Southeast Asian countries with a prevalence ranging from 70 to 100, with zoonotic transmission representing a potentially significant public health concern. However, there are limited data available on the prevalence of canine hookworms in Malaysia...

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Main Authors:	Mahdy, M.A.K., Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian, Ngui, R., Fatimah, M.R.S., Choy, S.H., Yap, N.J., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Ibrahim, J., Surin, J.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2012
Subjects:	R Medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/4053/1/Mahdy-2012-Prevalence_and_zoono.pdf http://eprints.um.edu.my/4053/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22564445
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spelling	my.um.eprints.40532019-08-26T05:01:25Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/4053/ Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia Mahdy, M.A.K. Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian Ngui, R. Fatimah, M.R.S. Choy, S.H. Yap, N.J. Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. Ibrahim, J. Surin, J. R Medicine Background: Canine hookworm infection is endemic in Southeast Asian countries with a prevalence ranging from 70 to 100, with zoonotic transmission representing a potentially significant public health concern. However, there are limited data available on the prevalence of canine hookworms in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hookworm and Ancylostoma species among dogs in Malaysia. Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 221 dogs living in urban areas, rural areas and animal shelters in Selangor. Faecal samples were processed using the formal-ether concentration technique followed by wet mount preparation and iodine staining for the detection of hookworm eggs. Samples positive for hookworm eggs were examined using PCR, targeting ITS2 and 28 s rRNA region, and subsequently sequenced in both directions. The sequences were phylogenetically analysed using MrBayes for Bayesian Inference. Results: The overall prevalence of hookworm among dogs was 48 (95 CI; 41.41-54.95). Rural stray dogs had the highest prevalence 71.4 (95 CI; 61.13-81.49) followed by urban stray dogs, recording 48 (95 CI; 34.15-61.85) and lastly dogs in shelters with 28.7 (95 CI; 19.56-37.84). Logistic regression identified rural stray dogs as a high risk group (OR = 4.55, 95; 2.50-8.31) and keeping dogs in shelters as a protective factor (OR = 0.24, 95; 0.14-0.43). Molecular methods identified both Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma caninum with A. ceylanicum being predominant among urban stray dogs. Rural dogs had a higher prevalence of A. caninum than A. ceylanicum, while both species showed equal distribution among dogs in shelters. Phylogenetic analysis placed A. ceylanicum isolated from dogs in one group with A. ceylanicum human isolates. This study indicates that dogs have the potential to act as reservoir hosts of human hookworm infection in Malaysia. This finding necessitates the inclusion of dogs in any interventions to combat hookworm in the country. BMC 2012 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.um.edu.my/4053/1/Mahdy-2012-Prevalence_and_zoono.pdf Mahdy, M.A.K. and Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian and Ngui, R. and Fatimah, M.R.S. and Choy, S.H. and Yap, N.J. and Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. and Ibrahim, J. and Surin, J. (2012) Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia. Parasites & Vectors, 5. p. 88. ISSN 1756-3305 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22564445 22564445
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
language	English
topic	R Medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine Mahdy, M.A.K. Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian Ngui, R. Fatimah, M.R.S. Choy, S.H. Yap, N.J. Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. Ibrahim, J. Surin, J. Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia
description	Background: Canine hookworm infection is endemic in Southeast Asian countries with a prevalence ranging from 70 to 100, with zoonotic transmission representing a potentially significant public health concern. However, there are limited data available on the prevalence of canine hookworms in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hookworm and Ancylostoma species among dogs in Malaysia. Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 221 dogs living in urban areas, rural areas and animal shelters in Selangor. Faecal samples were processed using the formal-ether concentration technique followed by wet mount preparation and iodine staining for the detection of hookworm eggs. Samples positive for hookworm eggs were examined using PCR, targeting ITS2 and 28 s rRNA region, and subsequently sequenced in both directions. The sequences were phylogenetically analysed using MrBayes for Bayesian Inference. Results: The overall prevalence of hookworm among dogs was 48 (95 CI; 41.41-54.95). Rural stray dogs had the highest prevalence 71.4 (95 CI; 61.13-81.49) followed by urban stray dogs, recording 48 (95 CI; 34.15-61.85) and lastly dogs in shelters with 28.7 (95 CI; 19.56-37.84). Logistic regression identified rural stray dogs as a high risk group (OR = 4.55, 95; 2.50-8.31) and keeping dogs in shelters as a protective factor (OR = 0.24, 95; 0.14-0.43). Molecular methods identified both Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma caninum with A. ceylanicum being predominant among urban stray dogs. Rural dogs had a higher prevalence of A. caninum than A. ceylanicum, while both species showed equal distribution among dogs in shelters. Phylogenetic analysis placed A. ceylanicum isolated from dogs in one group with A. ceylanicum human isolates. This study indicates that dogs have the potential to act as reservoir hosts of human hookworm infection in Malaysia. This finding necessitates the inclusion of dogs in any interventions to combat hookworm in the country.
format	Article
author	Mahdy, M.A.K. Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian Ngui, R. Fatimah, M.R.S. Choy, S.H. Yap, N.J. Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. Ibrahim, J. Surin, J.
author_facet	Mahdy, M.A.K. Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian Ngui, R. Fatimah, M.R.S. Choy, S.H. Yap, N.J. Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. Ibrahim, J. Surin, J.
author_sort	Mahdy, M.A.K.
title	Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia
title_short	Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia
title_full	Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia
title_fullStr	Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia
title_sort	prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in malaysia
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2012
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/4053/1/Mahdy-2012-Prevalence_and_zoono.pdf http://eprints.um.edu.my/4053/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22564445
_version_	1643687251193888768
score	13.211869

Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia

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