Cover Image

Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes

In the present work it was shown that low lattice energy ammonium salts are not favorable for polymer electrolyte preparation for electrochemical device applications. Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan:poly(ethylene oxide) (CS:PEO) incorporated with various amounts of low lattice energy NH...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Brza, Mohamad A., Aziz, Shujahadeen B., Nofal, Muaffaq M., Saeed, Salah R., Al-Zangana, Shakhawan, Karim, Wrya O., Hussen, Sarkawt A., Abdulwahid, Rebar T., Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani
Format: Article
Published: MDPI 2020
Subjects:
QC Physics
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/36422/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.um.eprints.36422
record_format eprints
spelling my.um.eprints.364222023-12-29T13:17:34Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/36422/ Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes Brza, Mohamad A. Aziz, Shujahadeen B. Nofal, Muaffaq M. Saeed, Salah R. Al-Zangana, Shakhawan Karim, Wrya O. Hussen, Sarkawt A. Abdulwahid, Rebar T. Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani QC Physics In the present work it was shown that low lattice energy ammonium salts are not favorable for polymer electrolyte preparation for electrochemical device applications. Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan:poly(ethylene oxide) (CS:PEO) incorporated with various amounts of low lattice energy NH(4)BF(4)ammonium salt have been prepared using the solution cast technique. Both structural and morphological studies were carried out to understand the phenomenon of ion association. Sharp peaks appeared in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the samples with high salt concentration. The degree of crystallinity increased from 8.52 to 65.84 as the salt concentration increased up to 40 wt.%. These are correlated to the leakage of the associated anions and cations of the salt to the surface of the polymer. The structural behaviors were further confirmed by morphological study. The morphological results revealed the large-sized protruded salts at high salt concentration. Based on lattice energy of salts, the phenomena of salt leakage were interpreted. Ammonium salts with lattice energy lower than 600 kJ/mol are not preferred for polymer electrolyte preparation due to the significant tendency of ion association among cations and anions. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to estimate the conductivity of the samples. It was found that the bulk resistance increased from 1.1 x 10(4) ohm to 0.7 x 10(5) ohm when the salt concentration raised from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, respectively; due to the association of cations and anions. The low value of direct current (DC) conductivity (7.93 x 10(-7) S/cm) addressed the non-suitability of the electrolytes for electrochemical device applications. The calculated values of the capacitance over the interfaces of electrodes-electrolytes (C-2) were found to drop from 1.32 x 10(-6) F to 3.13 x 10(-7) F with increasing salt concentration. The large values of dielectric constant at low frequencies are correlated to the electrode polarization phenomena while their decrements with rising frequency are attributed to the lag of ion polarization in respect of the fast orientation of the applied alternating current (AC) field. The imaginary part of the electric modulus shows obvious peaks known as conduction relaxation peaks. MDPI 2020-09 Article PeerReviewed Brza, Mohamad A. and Aziz, Shujahadeen B. and Nofal, Muaffaq M. and Saeed, Salah R. and Al-Zangana, Shakhawan and Karim, Wrya O. and Hussen, Sarkawt A. and Abdulwahid, Rebar T. and Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani (2020) Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes. Polymers, 12 (9). ISSN 20734360, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12091885 <https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12091885>. 10.3390/POLYM12091885
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic QC Physics
spellingShingle QC Physics
Brza, Mohamad A.
Aziz, Shujahadeen B.
Nofal, Muaffaq M.
Saeed, Salah R.
Al-Zangana, Shakhawan
Karim, Wrya O.
Hussen, Sarkawt A.
Abdulwahid, Rebar T.
Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani
Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes
description In the present work it was shown that low lattice energy ammonium salts are not favorable for polymer electrolyte preparation for electrochemical device applications. Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan:poly(ethylene oxide) (CS:PEO) incorporated with various amounts of low lattice energy NH(4)BF(4)ammonium salt have been prepared using the solution cast technique. Both structural and morphological studies were carried out to understand the phenomenon of ion association. Sharp peaks appeared in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the samples with high salt concentration. The degree of crystallinity increased from 8.52 to 65.84 as the salt concentration increased up to 40 wt.%. These are correlated to the leakage of the associated anions and cations of the salt to the surface of the polymer. The structural behaviors were further confirmed by morphological study. The morphological results revealed the large-sized protruded salts at high salt concentration. Based on lattice energy of salts, the phenomena of salt leakage were interpreted. Ammonium salts with lattice energy lower than 600 kJ/mol are not preferred for polymer electrolyte preparation due to the significant tendency of ion association among cations and anions. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to estimate the conductivity of the samples. It was found that the bulk resistance increased from 1.1 x 10(4) ohm to 0.7 x 10(5) ohm when the salt concentration raised from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, respectively; due to the association of cations and anions. The low value of direct current (DC) conductivity (7.93 x 10(-7) S/cm) addressed the non-suitability of the electrolytes for electrochemical device applications. The calculated values of the capacitance over the interfaces of electrodes-electrolytes (C-2) were found to drop from 1.32 x 10(-6) F to 3.13 x 10(-7) F with increasing salt concentration. The large values of dielectric constant at low frequencies are correlated to the electrode polarization phenomena while their decrements with rising frequency are attributed to the lag of ion polarization in respect of the fast orientation of the applied alternating current (AC) field. The imaginary part of the electric modulus shows obvious peaks known as conduction relaxation peaks.
format Article
author Brza, Mohamad A.
Aziz, Shujahadeen B.
Nofal, Muaffaq M.
Saeed, Salah R.
Al-Zangana, Shakhawan
Karim, Wrya O.
Hussen, Sarkawt A.
Abdulwahid, Rebar T.
Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani
author_facet Brza, Mohamad A.
Aziz, Shujahadeen B.
Nofal, Muaffaq M.
Saeed, Salah R.
Al-Zangana, Shakhawan
Karim, Wrya O.
Hussen, Sarkawt A.
Abdulwahid, Rebar T.
Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani
author_sort Brza, Mohamad A.
title Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes
title_short Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes
title_full Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes
title_fullStr Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes
title_full_unstemmed Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes
title_sort drawbacks of low lattice energy ammonium salts for ion-conducting polymer electrolyte preparation: structural, morphological and electrical characteristics of cs:peo:nh4bf4-based polymer blend electrolytes
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2020
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/36422/
_version_ 1787133818929414144
score 13.211869

Similar Items