Staff View: Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis

Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis

River tamarind or scientifically Leucaena leucocephala, is one of the underutilized nanocellulose resources with the potential to be used in reinforcement materials. This work evaluated the use of the insoluble residual waste or marc obtained during the isolation of galactomannan from Leucaena leuco...

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Main Authors:	Husin, Maryam, Ilham, Zul, Li, Abd Rashid, Razaki, Atik Zufar Mohd, Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad, Man, Salbiah
Format:	Article
Published:	Inst Advanced Science Extension 2021
Subjects:	GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/36037/ https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105785805&doi=10.21833%2fijaas.2021.01.012&partnerID=40&md5=0b8a72fcf1e045be20d1adaebc06ec00
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spelling	my.um.eprints.360372022-10-28T01:05:08Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/36037/ Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis Husin, Maryam Ilham, Zul Li, Abd Rashid Razaki, Atik Zufar Mohd Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Man, Salbiah GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry River tamarind or scientifically Leucaena leucocephala, is one of the underutilized nanocellulose resources with the potential to be used in reinforcement materials. This work evaluated the use of the insoluble residual waste or marc obtained during the isolation of galactomannan from Leucaena leucocephala seed (LLS) as a feedstock of cellulose to obtain cellulose nanocrystals by a two-step acid hydrolysis followed by its characterization and morphological study. The first step involved acid hydrolyzation of the hemicellulose and lignin from LLS, while the second step dealt with the removal of the amorphous region to produce crystalline LLS nanocrystals (NLLS). The physicochemical properties of nanocrystals were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NLLS isolated showed a rod-like structure in the range of 70–90nm in diameter with a crystallinity index of 76 and thermal stability at 264°C. PSA indicates that 97.5 of the size distribution of NLLS was below 136.9nm. GPC analysis also revealed that the sulphuric acid hydrolyzation during the second step caused a reduction in the molecular weight due to the cleaving of glycosidic bonds in the structure. These results indicated that LLS waste is a potential feedstock for cellulose nanocrystals preparation. © 2020 The Authors. Inst Advanced Science Extension 2021 Article PeerReviewed Husin, Maryam and Ilham, Zul and Li, Abd Rashid and Razaki, Atik Zufar Mohd and Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad and Man, Salbiah (2021) Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 8 (1). pp. 95-103. ISSN 2313-626X, DOI https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.012 <https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.012>. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105785805&doi=10.21833%2fijaas.2021.01.012&partnerID=40&md5=0b8a72fcf1e045be20d1adaebc06ec00 10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.012
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry Husin, Maryam Ilham, Zul Li, Abd Rashid Razaki, Atik Zufar Mohd Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Man, Salbiah Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
description	River tamarind or scientifically Leucaena leucocephala, is one of the underutilized nanocellulose resources with the potential to be used in reinforcement materials. This work evaluated the use of the insoluble residual waste or marc obtained during the isolation of galactomannan from Leucaena leucocephala seed (LLS) as a feedstock of cellulose to obtain cellulose nanocrystals by a two-step acid hydrolysis followed by its characterization and morphological study. The first step involved acid hydrolyzation of the hemicellulose and lignin from LLS, while the second step dealt with the removal of the amorphous region to produce crystalline LLS nanocrystals (NLLS). The physicochemical properties of nanocrystals were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NLLS isolated showed a rod-like structure in the range of 70–90nm in diameter with a crystallinity index of 76 and thermal stability at 264°C. PSA indicates that 97.5 of the size distribution of NLLS was below 136.9nm. GPC analysis also revealed that the sulphuric acid hydrolyzation during the second step caused a reduction in the molecular weight due to the cleaving of glycosidic bonds in the structure. These results indicated that LLS waste is a potential feedstock for cellulose nanocrystals preparation. © 2020 The Authors.
format	Article
author	Husin, Maryam Ilham, Zul Li, Abd Rashid Razaki, Atik Zufar Mohd Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Man, Salbiah
author_facet	Husin, Maryam Ilham, Zul Li, Abd Rashid Razaki, Atik Zufar Mohd Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Man, Salbiah
author_sort	Husin, Maryam
title	Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
title_short	Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
title_full	Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
title_fullStr	Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
title_full_unstemmed	Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
title_sort	valorization of underutilized river tamarind leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
publisher	Inst Advanced Science Extension
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/36037/ https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105785805&doi=10.21833%2fijaas.2021.01.012&partnerID=40&md5=0b8a72fcf1e045be20d1adaebc06ec00
_version_	1748181095960018944
score	13.211869

Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis

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