Staff View: Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays

Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays

The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium has been well known for causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) worldwide. Several non-PSP toxin-producing species, however, have shown to exhibit fish-killing toxicity. Here, we report the allelopathic activity of Alexandrium leei from Malaysia to other alga...

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Main Authors:	Shang, Lixia, Xu, Yangbing, Leaw, Chui Pin, Lim, Po Teen, Wang, Jiuming, Chen, Junhui, Deng, Yunyan, Hu, Zhangxi, Tang, Ying Zhong
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier 2021
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation GC Oceanography GE Environmental Sciences
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/34273/
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spelling	my.um.eprints.342732022-09-09T02:52:24Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/34273/ Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays Shang, Lixia Xu, Yangbing Leaw, Chui Pin Lim, Po Teen Wang, Jiuming Chen, Junhui Deng, Yunyan Hu, Zhangxi Tang, Ying Zhong G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation GC Oceanography GE Environmental Sciences The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium has been well known for causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) worldwide. Several non-PSP toxin-producing species, however, have shown to exhibit fish-killing toxicity. Here, we report the allelopathic activity of Alexandrium leei from Malaysia to other algal species, and its toxicity to finfish and zooplankton, via laboratory bioassays. Thirteen microalgal species that co-cultured with Al. leei revealed large variability in the allelopathic effects of Al. leei on the test algae, with the growth inhibition rates ranging from 0 to 100%. The negative allelopathic effects of Al. leei on microalgae included loss of flagella and thus the motility, damages of chain structure, deformation in cell morphology, and eventually cell lysis. The finfish experienced 100% mortality within 24 h exposed to the live culture (2000-6710 cells center dot mL-1), while the rotifer and brine shrimp exhibited 96-100% and 90-100% mortalities within 48 h when exposed to 500-6000 cells center dot mL-1 of Al. leei. The mortality of the test animals depended on the Al. leei cell density exposed, leading to a linear relationship between mortality and cell density for the finfish, and a logarithmic relationship for the two zooplankters. When exposed to the treatments using Al. leei whole live culture, cell-free culture medium, extract of algal cells in the f/2-Si medium, extract of methanol, and the re-suspended freeze-and-thaw algal cells, the test organisms (Ak. sanguinea and rotifers) all died at the cell density of 8100 cells center dot mL-1 within 24 h. Toxin analyses by HILIC-ESI-TOF/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS demonstrated that Al. leei did not produce PSP-toxins and 13-desmethyl Elsevier 2021-08-01 Article PeerReviewed Shang, Lixia and Xu, Yangbing and Leaw, Chui Pin and Lim, Po Teen and Wang, Jiuming and Chen, Junhui and Deng, Yunyan and Hu, Zhangxi and Tang, Ying Zhong (2021) Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays. Science of The Total Environment, 780. ISSN 0048-9697, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146484 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146484>. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146484
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation GC Oceanography GE Environmental Sciences
spellingShingle	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation GC Oceanography GE Environmental Sciences Shang, Lixia Xu, Yangbing Leaw, Chui Pin Lim, Po Teen Wang, Jiuming Chen, Junhui Deng, Yunyan Hu, Zhangxi Tang, Ying Zhong Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays
description	The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium has been well known for causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) worldwide. Several non-PSP toxin-producing species, however, have shown to exhibit fish-killing toxicity. Here, we report the allelopathic activity of Alexandrium leei from Malaysia to other algal species, and its toxicity to finfish and zooplankton, via laboratory bioassays. Thirteen microalgal species that co-cultured with Al. leei revealed large variability in the allelopathic effects of Al. leei on the test algae, with the growth inhibition rates ranging from 0 to 100%. The negative allelopathic effects of Al. leei on microalgae included loss of flagella and thus the motility, damages of chain structure, deformation in cell morphology, and eventually cell lysis. The finfish experienced 100% mortality within 24 h exposed to the live culture (2000-6710 cells center dot mL-1), while the rotifer and brine shrimp exhibited 96-100% and 90-100% mortalities within 48 h when exposed to 500-6000 cells center dot mL-1 of Al. leei. The mortality of the test animals depended on the Al. leei cell density exposed, leading to a linear relationship between mortality and cell density for the finfish, and a logarithmic relationship for the two zooplankters. When exposed to the treatments using Al. leei whole live culture, cell-free culture medium, extract of algal cells in the f/2-Si medium, extract of methanol, and the re-suspended freeze-and-thaw algal cells, the test organisms (Ak. sanguinea and rotifers) all died at the cell density of 8100 cells center dot mL-1 within 24 h. Toxin analyses by HILIC-ESI-TOF/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS demonstrated that Al. leei did not produce PSP-toxins and 13-desmethyl
format	Article
author	Shang, Lixia Xu, Yangbing Leaw, Chui Pin Lim, Po Teen Wang, Jiuming Chen, Junhui Deng, Yunyan Hu, Zhangxi Tang, Ying Zhong
author_facet	Shang, Lixia Xu, Yangbing Leaw, Chui Pin Lim, Po Teen Wang, Jiuming Chen, Junhui Deng, Yunyan Hu, Zhangxi Tang, Ying Zhong
author_sort	Shang, Lixia
title	Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays
title_short	Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays
title_full	Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays
title_fullStr	Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays
title_full_unstemmed	Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays
title_sort	potent allelopathy and non-psts, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/34273/
_version_	1744649168565043200
score	13.211869

Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays

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