Plant based-biosynthesized silver doped zinc oxide for effective sonocatalytic degradation of malachite green: Characterizations and optimization studies
Sonocatalytic performance of silver doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized using Clitoria ternatea Linn extract was optimized for the first time in the degradation of malachite green (MG) by using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) model was successfull...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Desalination Pub.
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/33529/ |
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| Summary: | Sonocatalytic performance of silver doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized using Clitoria ternatea Linn extract was optimized for the first time in the degradation of malachite green (MG) by using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) model was successfully constructed to predict the sonocatalytic degradation efficiency in the studied range of operating variables including catalyst loading (0.75-1.50 g/L), initial MG concentration (500-1,250 mg/L), ultrasound power (40-80 W) and oxidant concentration (0.75-1.75 mM). The model was highly reliable in the evaluation of sonocatalytic degradation efficiency as it exhibited high coefficient of determination (R-2 = 0.9345) and high statistical significance (p-value < 0.0001). The maximum degradation efficiency of MG catalysed ultrasonically by Ag-ZnO was 89.21% after 15 mM with 0.91% error as compared to the predicted value under the optimum conditions (500 mg/L initial dye concentration, 0.75 g/L of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles, 1.75 mM of sodium persulfate at 40 W of ultrasonic power). The excellent sonocatalytic performance was observed due to the enhancement in the availability of catalyst surface area, sufficient external energy as well as the addition of oxidant to induce more production of free radicals. In short, this work provides an insight and exposure for developing an optimized operating conditions towards the removal of hazardous organic dye pollutant. |
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