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Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis

Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is more frequently associated with neurological complications and deaths compared to other enteroviruses. Areas covered: The authors discuss current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 based on various clinic...

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Main Authors: Tee, Han Kang, Zainol, Mohd Izwan, Sam, I-Ching, Chan, Yoke Fun
Format: Article
Published: Taylor & Francis 2021
Subjects:
QR Microbiology
R Medicine (General)
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/26634/
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spelling my.um.eprints.266342022-04-01T03:16:50Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/26634/ Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis Tee, Han Kang Zainol, Mohd Izwan Sam, I-Ching Chan, Yoke Fun QR Microbiology R Medicine (General) RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is more frequently associated with neurological complications and deaths compared to other enteroviruses. Areas covered: The authors discuss current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 based on various clinical, human, and animal model studies. The authors discuss the important advancements in virus entry, virus dissemination, and neuroinvasion. The authors highlight the role of host immune system, host genetic factors, viral quasispecies, and heparan sulfate in EV-A71 neuropathogenesis. Expert opinion: Comparison of EV-A71 with EV-D68 and PV shows similarity in primary target sites and dissemination to the central nervous system. More research is needed to understand cellular tropisms, persistence of EV-A71, and other possible invasion routes. EV-A71 infection has varied clinical manifestations which may be attributed to multiple receptors usage. Future development of antivirals and vaccines should target neurotropic enteroviruses. Repurposing drug and immunomodulators used in combination could reduce the severity of EV-A71 infection. Only a few drugs have been tested in clinical trials, and in the absence of antiviral and vaccines (except China), active virus surveillance, good hand hygiene, and physical distancing should be advocated. A better understanding of EV-A71 neuropathogenesis is critical for antiviral and multivalent vaccines development. Taylor & Francis 2021-06-03 Article PeerReviewed Tee, Han Kang and Zainol, Mohd Izwan and Sam, I-Ching and Chan, Yoke Fun (2021) Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 19 (6). pp. 733-747. ISSN 1478-7210, DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1851194 <https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1851194>. 10.1080/14787210.2021.1851194
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic QR Microbiology
R Medicine (General)
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
spellingShingle QR Microbiology
R Medicine (General)
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Tee, Han Kang
Zainol, Mohd Izwan
Sam, I-Ching
Chan, Yoke Fun
Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis
description Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is more frequently associated with neurological complications and deaths compared to other enteroviruses. Areas covered: The authors discuss current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 based on various clinical, human, and animal model studies. The authors discuss the important advancements in virus entry, virus dissemination, and neuroinvasion. The authors highlight the role of host immune system, host genetic factors, viral quasispecies, and heparan sulfate in EV-A71 neuropathogenesis. Expert opinion: Comparison of EV-A71 with EV-D68 and PV shows similarity in primary target sites and dissemination to the central nervous system. More research is needed to understand cellular tropisms, persistence of EV-A71, and other possible invasion routes. EV-A71 infection has varied clinical manifestations which may be attributed to multiple receptors usage. Future development of antivirals and vaccines should target neurotropic enteroviruses. Repurposing drug and immunomodulators used in combination could reduce the severity of EV-A71 infection. Only a few drugs have been tested in clinical trials, and in the absence of antiviral and vaccines (except China), active virus surveillance, good hand hygiene, and physical distancing should be advocated. A better understanding of EV-A71 neuropathogenesis is critical for antiviral and multivalent vaccines development.
format Article
author Tee, Han Kang
Zainol, Mohd Izwan
Sam, I-Ching
Chan, Yoke Fun
author_facet Tee, Han Kang
Zainol, Mohd Izwan
Sam, I-Ching
Chan, Yoke Fun
author_sort Tee, Han Kang
title Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis
title_short Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis
title_full Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis
title_fullStr Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: A focus on neuropathogenesis
title_sort recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus a71 infection: a focus on neuropathogenesis
publisher Taylor & Francis
publishDate 2021
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/26634/
_version_ 1735409437862002688
score 13.211869

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