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On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19

In November 2019, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan city, China, and was reported in other countries around the globe. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Strategies such as contact tracing and a vaccination program...

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Main Authors: Malarvili, M. B., Alexie, Mushikiwabeza, Dahari, Nadhira, Kamarudin, Anhar
Format: Article
Published: MDPI 2021
Subjects:
R Medicine (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/26563/
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spelling my.um.eprints.265632022-03-18T03:46:54Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/26563/ On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19 Malarvili, M. B. Alexie, Mushikiwabeza Dahari, Nadhira Kamarudin, Anhar R Medicine (General) In November 2019, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan city, China, and was reported in other countries around the globe. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Strategies such as contact tracing and a vaccination program have been imposed to keep COVID-19 under control. Furthermore, a fast, noninvasive and reliable testing device is needed urgently to detect COVID-19, so that contact can be isolated and ringfenced before the virus spreads. Although the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is considered the gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, this test presents some limitations which cause delays in detecting the disease. The antigen rapid test (ART) test, on the other hand, is faster and cheaper than PCR, but is less sensitive, and may limit SARS-CoV-2 detection. While other tests are being developed, accurate, noninvasive and easy-to-use testing tools are in high demand for the rapid and extensive diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, this paper reviews current diagnostic methods for COVID-19. Following this, we propose the use of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) as an early screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This system has already been developed and has been tested on asthmatic patients. It has been proven that expired CO2, also known as capnogram, can help differentiate between respiratory conditions and, therefore, could be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it causes respiratory tract-related diseases.</p> MDPI 2021-10 Article PeerReviewed Malarvili, M. B. and Alexie, Mushikiwabeza and Dahari, Nadhira and Kamarudin, Anhar (2021) On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19. Life-Basel, 11 (10). ISSN 2075-1729, DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101101 <https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101101>. 10.3390/life11101101
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic R Medicine (General)
spellingShingle R Medicine (General)
Malarvili, M. B.
Alexie, Mushikiwabeza
Dahari, Nadhira
Kamarudin, Anhar
On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19
description In November 2019, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan city, China, and was reported in other countries around the globe. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Strategies such as contact tracing and a vaccination program have been imposed to keep COVID-19 under control. Furthermore, a fast, noninvasive and reliable testing device is needed urgently to detect COVID-19, so that contact can be isolated and ringfenced before the virus spreads. Although the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is considered the gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, this test presents some limitations which cause delays in detecting the disease. The antigen rapid test (ART) test, on the other hand, is faster and cheaper than PCR, but is less sensitive, and may limit SARS-CoV-2 detection. While other tests are being developed, accurate, noninvasive and easy-to-use testing tools are in high demand for the rapid and extensive diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, this paper reviews current diagnostic methods for COVID-19. Following this, we propose the use of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) as an early screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This system has already been developed and has been tested on asthmatic patients. It has been proven that expired CO2, also known as capnogram, can help differentiate between respiratory conditions and, therefore, could be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it causes respiratory tract-related diseases.</p>
format Article
author Malarvili, M. B.
Alexie, Mushikiwabeza
Dahari, Nadhira
Kamarudin, Anhar
author_facet Malarvili, M. B.
Alexie, Mushikiwabeza
Dahari, Nadhira
Kamarudin, Anhar
author_sort Malarvili, M. B.
title On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19
title_short On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19
title_full On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19
title_fullStr On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed On analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening COVID-19: A review on assessment methods for COVID-19
title_sort on analyzing capnogram as a novel method for screening covid-19: a review on assessment methods for covid-19
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2021
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/26563/
_version_ 1735409428831666176
score 13.211869

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