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Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration

pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require r...

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Main Authors:	Yap, Augustine Chung Wei, Lee, Hwang Sheng, Loo, Joo Ling, Mohd, Nuruol Syuhadaa
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier 2021
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/25911/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-021-00080-0
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spelling	my.um.eprints.259112021-04-30T02:05:59Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/25911/ Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration Yap, Augustine Chung Wei Lee, Hwang Sheng Loo, Joo Ling Mohd, Nuruol Syuhadaa TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (− 6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress. © 2021, The Author(s). Elsevier 2021 Article PeerReviewed Yap, Augustine Chung Wei and Lee, Hwang Sheng and Loo, Joo Ling and Mohd, Nuruol Syuhadaa (2021) Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration. Sustainable Environment Research, 31 (1). p. 7. ISSN 2468-2039 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-021-00080-0 doi:10.1186/s42834-021-00080-0
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Yap, Augustine Chung Wei Lee, Hwang Sheng Loo, Joo Ling Mohd, Nuruol Syuhadaa Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
description	pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (− 6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress. © 2021, The Author(s).
format	Article
author	Yap, Augustine Chung Wei Lee, Hwang Sheng Loo, Joo Ling Mohd, Nuruol Syuhadaa
author_facet	Yap, Augustine Chung Wei Lee, Hwang Sheng Loo, Joo Ling Mohd, Nuruol Syuhadaa
author_sort	Yap, Augustine Chung Wei
title	Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
title_short	Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
title_full	Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
title_fullStr	Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
title_full_unstemmed	Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
title_sort	electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/25911/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-021-00080-0
_version_	1698697323717066752
score	13.211869

Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration

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