Staff View: Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore

Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are emerging pathogens of an increasing global public health concern because of their rapid increase in geographical range and the impact of climate change. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are of concern because of the risk of reemergence and i...

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Main Authors:	Yap, Grace, Mailepessov, Diyar, Lim, Xiao Fang, Chan, Sharon, How, Choon Beng, Humaidi, Mahathir, Yeo, Gladys, Chong, Chee Seng, Lam-Phua, Sai Gek, Lee, Ruth, Okumura, Chiharu, Vythilingam, Indra, Ng, Lee Ching
Format:	Article
Published:	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2020
Subjects:	R Medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/25771/ https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0377
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spelling	my.um.eprints.257712021-02-26T02:55:26Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/25771/ Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore Yap, Grace Mailepessov, Diyar Lim, Xiao Fang Chan, Sharon How, Choon Beng Humaidi, Mahathir Yeo, Gladys Chong, Chee Seng Lam-Phua, Sai Gek Lee, Ruth Okumura, Chiharu Vythilingam, Indra Ng, Lee Ching R Medicine Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are emerging pathogens of an increasing global public health concern because of their rapid increase in geographical range and the impact of climate change. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are of concern because of the risk of reemergence and introduction by migratory birds. In Singapore, human WNV infection has never been reported and human JEV infection is rare. Four sentinel vector surveillance sites were established in Singapore to understand the potential risk posed by these viruses. Surveillance was carried out from August 2011 to December 2012 at Pulau Ubin, from March 2011 to March 2013 at an Avian Sanctuary (AS), from December 2010 from October 2012 at Murai Farmway, and from December 2010 to December 2013 at a nature reserve. The present study revealed active JEV transmission in Singapore through the detection of JEV genotype II in Culex tritaeniorhynchus collected from an Avian Sanctuary. Culex flavivirus (CxFV), similar to the Quang Binh virus isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Vietnam and CxFV-LSFlaviV-A20-09 virus isolated in China, was also detected in Culex spp. (vishnui subgroup). No WNV was detected. This study demonstrates the important role that surveillance plays in public health and strongly suggests the circulation of JEV among wildlife in Singapore, despite the absence of reported human cases. A One Health approach involving surveillance, the collaboration between public health and wildlife managers, and control of mosquito populations remains the key measures in risk mitigation of JEV transmission in the enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes. Copyright © 2020 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2020 Article PeerReviewed Yap, Grace and Mailepessov, Diyar and Lim, Xiao Fang and Chan, Sharon and How, Choon Beng and Humaidi, Mahathir and Yeo, Gladys and Chong, Chee Seng and Lam-Phua, Sai Gek and Lee, Ruth and Okumura, Chiharu and Vythilingam, Indra and Ng, Lee Ching (2020) Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103 (3). pp. 1234-1240. ISSN 0002-9637 https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0377 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0377
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	R Medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine Yap, Grace Mailepessov, Diyar Lim, Xiao Fang Chan, Sharon How, Choon Beng Humaidi, Mahathir Yeo, Gladys Chong, Chee Seng Lam-Phua, Sai Gek Lee, Ruth Okumura, Chiharu Vythilingam, Indra Ng, Lee Ching Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore
description	Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are emerging pathogens of an increasing global public health concern because of their rapid increase in geographical range and the impact of climate change. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are of concern because of the risk of reemergence and introduction by migratory birds. In Singapore, human WNV infection has never been reported and human JEV infection is rare. Four sentinel vector surveillance sites were established in Singapore to understand the potential risk posed by these viruses. Surveillance was carried out from August 2011 to December 2012 at Pulau Ubin, from March 2011 to March 2013 at an Avian Sanctuary (AS), from December 2010 from October 2012 at Murai Farmway, and from December 2010 to December 2013 at a nature reserve. The present study revealed active JEV transmission in Singapore through the detection of JEV genotype II in Culex tritaeniorhynchus collected from an Avian Sanctuary. Culex flavivirus (CxFV), similar to the Quang Binh virus isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Vietnam and CxFV-LSFlaviV-A20-09 virus isolated in China, was also detected in Culex spp. (vishnui subgroup). No WNV was detected. This study demonstrates the important role that surveillance plays in public health and strongly suggests the circulation of JEV among wildlife in Singapore, despite the absence of reported human cases. A One Health approach involving surveillance, the collaboration between public health and wildlife managers, and control of mosquito populations remains the key measures in risk mitigation of JEV transmission in the enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes. Copyright © 2020 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
format	Article
author	Yap, Grace Mailepessov, Diyar Lim, Xiao Fang Chan, Sharon How, Choon Beng Humaidi, Mahathir Yeo, Gladys Chong, Chee Seng Lam-Phua, Sai Gek Lee, Ruth Okumura, Chiharu Vythilingam, Indra Ng, Lee Ching
author_facet	Yap, Grace Mailepessov, Diyar Lim, Xiao Fang Chan, Sharon How, Choon Beng Humaidi, Mahathir Yeo, Gladys Chong, Chee Seng Lam-Phua, Sai Gek Lee, Ruth Okumura, Chiharu Vythilingam, Indra Ng, Lee Ching
author_sort	Yap, Grace
title	Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore
title_short	Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore
title_full	Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore
title_fullStr	Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore
title_full_unstemmed	Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore
title_sort	detection of japanese encephalitis virus in culex mosquitoes in singapore
publisher	American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/25771/ https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0377
_version_	1692992296827486208
score	13.211869

Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore

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