Staff View: Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative

Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative

BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. AIM: To identify the association of baseline GGT level and QRISK2 score among patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: This was a...

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Main Authors:	Pitisuttithum, Panyavee, Chan, Wah Kheong, Goh, George Boon Bee, Fan, Jian Gao, Song, Myeong Jun, Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai, Duseja, Ajay, Dan, Yock Young, Imajo, Kento, Nakajima, Atsushi, Ho, Khek Yu, Goh, Khean Lee, Wong, Vincent Wai Sun, Treeprasertsuk, Sombat
Format:	Article
Published:	Baishideng Publishing Group 2020
Subjects:	R Medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/25395/ https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2416
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spelling	my.um.eprints.253952020-08-17T06:57:33Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/25395/ Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative Pitisuttithum, Panyavee Chan, Wah Kheong Goh, George Boon Bee Fan, Jian Gao Song, Myeong Jun Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai Duseja, Ajay Dan, Yock Young Imajo, Kento Nakajima, Atsushi Ho, Khek Yu Goh, Khean Lee Wong, Vincent Wai Sun Treeprasertsuk, Sombat R Medicine BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. AIM: To identify the association of baseline GGT level and QRISK2 score among patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 1535 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from 10 Asian centers in 8 countries using data collected by the Gut and Obesity in Asia (referred to as "GO ASIA") workgroup. All patients with available baseline GGT levels and all 16 variables for the QRISK2 calculation (QRISK2-2017; developed by researchers at the United Kingdom National Health Service; https://qrisk.org/2017/; 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation) were included and compared to healthy controls with the same age, sex, and ethnicity. Relative risk was reported. QRISK2 score > 10% was defined as the high-CVD-risk group. Fibrosis stages 3 and 4 (F3 and F4) were considered advanced fibrosis. RESULTS: A total of 1122 patients (73%) had complete data and were included in the final analysis; 314 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. The median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of the study population was 53 (44-60) years, 532 (47.4%) were females, and 492 (43.9%) were of Chinese ethnicity. The median 10-year CVD risk (IQR) was 5.9% (2.6-10.9), and the median relative risk of CVD over 10 years (IQR) was 1.65 (1.13-2.2) compared to healthy individuals with the same age, sex, and ethnicity. The high-CVD-risk group was significantly older than the low-risk group (median [IQR]: 63 [59-67] vs 49 [41-55] years; P < 0.001). Higher fibrosis stages in biopsy-proven NAFLD patients brought a significantly higher CVD risk (P < 0.001). Median GGT level was not different between the two groups (GGT [U/L]: Median [IQR], high risk 60 [37-113] vs low risk 66 [38-103], P = 0.56). There was no correlation between baseline GGT level and 10-year CVD risk based on the QRISK2 score (r = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The CVD risk of NAFLD patients is higher than that of healthy individuals. Baseline GGT level cannot predict CVD risk in NAFLD patients. However, advanced fibrosis is a predictor of a high CVD risk. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. Baishideng Publishing Group 2020 Article PeerReviewed Pitisuttithum, Panyavee and Chan, Wah Kheong and Goh, George Boon Bee and Fan, Jian Gao and Song, Myeong Jun and Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai and Duseja, Ajay and Dan, Yock Young and Imajo, Kento and Nakajima, Atsushi and Ho, Khek Yu and Goh, Khean Lee and Wong, Vincent Wai Sun and Treeprasertsuk, Sombat (2020) Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 26 (19). pp. 2416-2426. ISSN 1007-9327 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2416 doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2416
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	R Medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine Pitisuttithum, Panyavee Chan, Wah Kheong Goh, George Boon Bee Fan, Jian Gao Song, Myeong Jun Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai Duseja, Ajay Dan, Yock Young Imajo, Kento Nakajima, Atsushi Ho, Khek Yu Goh, Khean Lee Wong, Vincent Wai Sun Treeprasertsuk, Sombat Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative
description	BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. AIM: To identify the association of baseline GGT level and QRISK2 score among patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 1535 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from 10 Asian centers in 8 countries using data collected by the Gut and Obesity in Asia (referred to as "GO ASIA") workgroup. All patients with available baseline GGT levels and all 16 variables for the QRISK2 calculation (QRISK2-2017; developed by researchers at the United Kingdom National Health Service; https://qrisk.org/2017/; 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation) were included and compared to healthy controls with the same age, sex, and ethnicity. Relative risk was reported. QRISK2 score > 10% was defined as the high-CVD-risk group. Fibrosis stages 3 and 4 (F3 and F4) were considered advanced fibrosis. RESULTS: A total of 1122 patients (73%) had complete data and were included in the final analysis; 314 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. The median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of the study population was 53 (44-60) years, 532 (47.4%) were females, and 492 (43.9%) were of Chinese ethnicity. The median 10-year CVD risk (IQR) was 5.9% (2.6-10.9), and the median relative risk of CVD over 10 years (IQR) was 1.65 (1.13-2.2) compared to healthy individuals with the same age, sex, and ethnicity. The high-CVD-risk group was significantly older than the low-risk group (median [IQR]: 63 [59-67] vs 49 [41-55] years; P < 0.001). Higher fibrosis stages in biopsy-proven NAFLD patients brought a significantly higher CVD risk (P < 0.001). Median GGT level was not different between the two groups (GGT [U/L]: Median [IQR], high risk 60 [37-113] vs low risk 66 [38-103], P = 0.56). There was no correlation between baseline GGT level and 10-year CVD risk based on the QRISK2 score (r = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The CVD risk of NAFLD patients is higher than that of healthy individuals. Baseline GGT level cannot predict CVD risk in NAFLD patients. However, advanced fibrosis is a predictor of a high CVD risk. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
format	Article
author	Pitisuttithum, Panyavee Chan, Wah Kheong Goh, George Boon Bee Fan, Jian Gao Song, Myeong Jun Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai Duseja, Ajay Dan, Yock Young Imajo, Kento Nakajima, Atsushi Ho, Khek Yu Goh, Khean Lee Wong, Vincent Wai Sun Treeprasertsuk, Sombat
author_facet	Pitisuttithum, Panyavee Chan, Wah Kheong Goh, George Boon Bee Fan, Jian Gao Song, Myeong Jun Charatcharoenwitthaya, Phunchai Duseja, Ajay Dan, Yock Young Imajo, Kento Nakajima, Atsushi Ho, Khek Yu Goh, Khean Lee Wong, Vincent Wai Sun Treeprasertsuk, Sombat
author_sort	Pitisuttithum, Panyavee
title	Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative
title_short	Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative
title_full	Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative
title_fullStr	Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative
title_full_unstemmed	Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative
title_sort	gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the gut and obesity asia initiative
publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/25395/ https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2416
_version_	1680857027682762752
score	13.211869

Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Gut and Obesity Asia initiative

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