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Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia

This study discusses the distribution and contamination levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, and Cd) in the urban top soil of Penang Island, one of the most important urban areas in Malaysia. The total surface area of Penang Island is 297 km2. Thirty-one surface soil samples (0–20 cm)...

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Main Authors:	Abdul Hamid, F.A.Z., Bakar, Ahmad Farid Abu, Ng, Tham Fatt, Ghani, Azman Abd, Mohamad Zulkifley, Mohamad Tarmizi
格式:	Article
出版:	Springer Verlag (Germany) 2019
主題:	Q Science (General) QE Geology
在線閱讀:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/24253/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8626-0
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id	my.um.eprints.24253
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.um.eprints.242532020-04-30T06:09:55Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/24253/ Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia Abdul Hamid, F.A.Z. Bakar, Ahmad Farid Abu Ng, Tham Fatt Ghani, Azman Abd Mohamad Zulkifley, Mohamad Tarmizi Q Science (General) QE Geology This study discusses the distribution and contamination levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, and Cd) in the urban top soil of Penang Island, one of the most important urban areas in Malaysia. The total surface area of Penang Island is 297 km2. Thirty-one surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected, digested and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Pb, Ni, and Cd. The result showed that the mean concentrations of selected metals in soils were arranged in the following decreasing order: Pb > As > Ni > Cd. In terms of different soil types, soils derived from quaternary deposit have higher mean concentration of Pb, Ni, and Cd as compared to the granite residual soils which accumulate higher mean concentration of As. On the spatial distribution maps, As, Pb, Ni, and Cd are mainly concentrated in the north-to-north eastern areas of Penang Island and near to the main city, which are characterized by major residential and business areas. Thus, it suggests that the anthropogenic source is the main contributor to the As, Pb, Ni, and Cd in the top soil of Penang Island. Both Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed a strong positive correlation between Pb and Cd which indicated that they may be derived from a similar source. The contamination factor assessment indicates moderate contamination level for Pb and Ni and no element enrichment level for As and Cd. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Springer Verlag (Germany) 2019 Article PeerReviewed Abdul Hamid, F.A.Z. and Bakar, Ahmad Farid Abu and Ng, Tham Fatt and Ghani, Azman Abd and Mohamad Zulkifley, Mohamad Tarmizi (2019) Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78 (21). p. 616. ISSN 1866-6280 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8626-0 doi:10.1007/s12665-019-8626-0
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	Q Science (General) QE Geology
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) QE Geology Abdul Hamid, F.A.Z. Bakar, Ahmad Farid Abu Ng, Tham Fatt Ghani, Azman Abd Mohamad Zulkifley, Mohamad Tarmizi Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia
description	This study discusses the distribution and contamination levels of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, and Cd) in the urban top soil of Penang Island, one of the most important urban areas in Malaysia. The total surface area of Penang Island is 297 km2. Thirty-one surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected, digested and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Pb, Ni, and Cd. The result showed that the mean concentrations of selected metals in soils were arranged in the following decreasing order: Pb > As > Ni > Cd. In terms of different soil types, soils derived from quaternary deposit have higher mean concentration of Pb, Ni, and Cd as compared to the granite residual soils which accumulate higher mean concentration of As. On the spatial distribution maps, As, Pb, Ni, and Cd are mainly concentrated in the north-to-north eastern areas of Penang Island and near to the main city, which are characterized by major residential and business areas. Thus, it suggests that the anthropogenic source is the main contributor to the As, Pb, Ni, and Cd in the top soil of Penang Island. Both Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed a strong positive correlation between Pb and Cd which indicated that they may be derived from a similar source. The contamination factor assessment indicates moderate contamination level for Pb and Ni and no element enrichment level for As and Cd. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
format	Article
author	Abdul Hamid, F.A.Z. Bakar, Ahmad Farid Abu Ng, Tham Fatt Ghani, Azman Abd Mohamad Zulkifley, Mohamad Tarmizi
author_facet	Abdul Hamid, F.A.Z. Bakar, Ahmad Farid Abu Ng, Tham Fatt Ghani, Azman Abd Mohamad Zulkifley, Mohamad Tarmizi
author_sort	Abdul Hamid, F.A.Z.
title	Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia
title_short	Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia
title_full	Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia
title_sort	distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (as, pb, ni, cd) in top soil of penang island, malaysia
publisher	Springer Verlag (Germany)
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/24253/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8626-0
_version_	1665895224265670656
score	13.250246

Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia

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