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A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method

SnO2 nanostructures are usually modified with some metal dopants in order to improve its gas sensing properties. In this work, pure tin oxide (SnO2), nickel (Ni) doped SnO2 (Ni:SnO2) and palladium (Pd) doped SnO2 (Pd:SnO2) nanorods were successfully synthesised via hydrothermal method at low tempera...

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Main Authors:	Inderan, Vicinisvarri, Arafat, M.M., Haseeb, A.S. Md. Abdul, Sudesh, Kumar, Lee, Hooi Ling
Format:	Article
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia 2019
Subjects:	QD Chemistry TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/24071/ https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2019.30.1.10
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spelling	my.um.eprints.240712020-03-20T04:47:26Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/24071/ A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method Inderan, Vicinisvarri Arafat, M.M. Haseeb, A.S. Md. Abdul Sudesh, Kumar Lee, Hooi Ling QD Chemistry TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology SnO2 nanostructures are usually modified with some metal dopants in order to improve its gas sensing properties. In this work, pure tin oxide (SnO2), nickel (Ni) doped SnO2 (Ni:SnO2) and palladium (Pd) doped SnO2 (Pd:SnO2) nanorods were successfully synthesised via hydrothermal method at low temperature (180°C) without templates or further calcination. All the samples were systematically analysed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The sensor response (R = R0/Rg) towards 1000 ppm ethanol gas was investigated using nitrogen gas as a carrier gas. XRD results confirmed that all samples consisted of rutile tetragonal-shaped SnO2. It was found that the average diameter of nanorods formed in Ni:SnO2 and Pd:SnO2 were decreased to ~6 nm and ~10 nm, compared with nanorods formed in pure SnO2 (~25 nm). The gas sensing results indicated that the sensor properties of SnO2 were enhanced after the doping process. At 450°C, the Pd:SnO2 nanorod sensor recorded the highest response value towards 1000 ppm ethanol gas which is 15 times higher than pure SnO2 nanorods. Interestingly, all samples showed similar response time, ~ 40 s. However, pure SnO2 and Ni:SnO2 nanorods sensors exhibited longer recovery time compared to Pd:SnO2 nanorods. Pd:SnO2 nanorods recorded only 12 min of almost 100% recovery. It is proposed that Pd:SnO2 sensor could be a promising candidate for the detection of ethanol gas. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2019. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia 2019 Article PeerReviewed Inderan, Vicinisvarri and Arafat, M.M. and Haseeb, A.S. Md. Abdul and Sudesh, Kumar and Lee, Hooi Ling (2019) A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method. Journal of Physical Science, 30 (1). pp. 127-143. ISSN 1675-3402 https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2019.30.1.10 doi:10.21315/jps2019.30.1.10
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	QD Chemistry TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology Inderan, Vicinisvarri Arafat, M.M. Haseeb, A.S. Md. Abdul Sudesh, Kumar Lee, Hooi Ling A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method
description	SnO2 nanostructures are usually modified with some metal dopants in order to improve its gas sensing properties. In this work, pure tin oxide (SnO2), nickel (Ni) doped SnO2 (Ni:SnO2) and palladium (Pd) doped SnO2 (Pd:SnO2) nanorods were successfully synthesised via hydrothermal method at low temperature (180°C) without templates or further calcination. All the samples were systematically analysed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The sensor response (R = R0/Rg) towards 1000 ppm ethanol gas was investigated using nitrogen gas as a carrier gas. XRD results confirmed that all samples consisted of rutile tetragonal-shaped SnO2. It was found that the average diameter of nanorods formed in Ni:SnO2 and Pd:SnO2 were decreased to ~6 nm and ~10 nm, compared with nanorods formed in pure SnO2 (~25 nm). The gas sensing results indicated that the sensor properties of SnO2 were enhanced after the doping process. At 450°C, the Pd:SnO2 nanorod sensor recorded the highest response value towards 1000 ppm ethanol gas which is 15 times higher than pure SnO2 nanorods. Interestingly, all samples showed similar response time, ~ 40 s. However, pure SnO2 and Ni:SnO2 nanorods sensors exhibited longer recovery time compared to Pd:SnO2 nanorods. Pd:SnO2 nanorods recorded only 12 min of almost 100% recovery. It is proposed that Pd:SnO2 sensor could be a promising candidate for the detection of ethanol gas. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2019.
format	Article
author	Inderan, Vicinisvarri Arafat, M.M. Haseeb, A.S. Md. Abdul Sudesh, Kumar Lee, Hooi Ling
author_facet	Inderan, Vicinisvarri Arafat, M.M. Haseeb, A.S. Md. Abdul Sudesh, Kumar Lee, Hooi Ling
author_sort	Inderan, Vicinisvarri
title	A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method
title_short	A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method
title_full	A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method
title_fullStr	A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method
title_full_unstemmed	A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method
title_sort	comparative study of structural and ethanol gas sensing properties of pure, nickel and palladium doped sno2 nanorods synthesised by the hydrothermal method
publisher	Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/24071/ https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2019.30.1.10
_version_	1662755218889113600
score	13.211869

A Comparative Study of Structural and Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties of Pure, Nickel and Palladium Doped SnO2 Nanorods Synthesised by the Hydrothermal Method

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