Staff View: Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery

Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery

Purpose: The internal fixation plate of bone fractures by using polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted the attention of many researchers, as it is biodegradable and biocompatible to the human body. However, its brittleness has led to implant fracture. On the contrary, polypropylene carbonate (PPC), whi...

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Main Authors:	Mohamed Haneef, Intan Najwa Humaira, Shaffiar, Norhashimah, Buys, Yose Fachmi, Abd Hamid, Abdul Malek
Format:	Article
Published:	Emerald 2019
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TS Manufactures
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/24008/ https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-05-2019-0048
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institution	Universiti Malaya
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country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
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topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TS Manufactures
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TS Manufactures Mohamed Haneef, Intan Najwa Humaira Shaffiar, Norhashimah Buys, Yose Fachmi Abd Hamid, Abdul Malek Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery
description	Purpose: The internal fixation plate of bone fractures by using polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted the attention of many researchers, as it is biodegradable and biocompatible to the human body. However, its brittleness has led to implant fracture. On the contrary, polypropylene carbonate (PPC), which is also biodegradable and biocompatible, has an excellent elongation at break. The purpose of this paper is to compare the PLA fixation plate with the new fixation plate made up of PLA/PPC blends by using finite element analysis (FEA). Design/methodology/approach: The mandible bone from CT data set and fixation plate was designed by using the MIMICS, Amira and Solidworks softwares. Abaqus software was used for FEA of PLA/PPC fixation plate applied on the fractured mandible bone. A model of mandibular bone with a fracture in the body was subjected to incisor load. The analysis was run to determine the von Mises stress, elongation of the fixation plate and the displacement of the fractured gap of PLA/PPC blends fixation plate. Findings: The von Mises stress predicted that all the blend compositions were safe to be used as a fixation plate since the stress values were less than the yield strength. In addition, the stress value of the fixation plate was gradually decreased up to 20 percent when the amount of PPC increased to 30 percent. This indicates that the stress shielding effect was successfully reduced. The elongation of the fixation plate was gradually increased from 11.54 to 12.55 µm as the amount of PPC in the blends increased from 0 to 30 percent, thereby illustrating that the flexibility of the fixation plate was improved by the addition of PPC. Finally, the measured displacement of the fractured gap for all compositions of PLA/PPC blends fixation plate is less than 150 µm, which proves the likely success of fracture fixation by using the PLA/PPC blends. Research limitations/implications: An optimum solution of PLA/PPC blends and another new material such as compatibilizer need to be introduced in the blends in order to improve the performance of PLA/PPC blends as a new material for a fixation plate. Besides, by using the same method of producing PLA/PPC blends, longer durations for in vitro degradation of PLA/PPC blends are essential to further understand the degradation behavior of the blends applied in the human body. Finally, it is also important to further test the mechanical strength of PLA/PPC blends during the degradation period to know the current strength of the implant in the healing process of the bone. Practical implications: PLA fixation plate and screw can commercially be used in CMF surgery since they reduce cost because of the elimination of secondary surgery to remove the fixation plate and screw after the healing process. Social implications: It is hoped that the advantages of this research will ensure the market of PLA product to continue expanding in medical application. Originality/value: This study is one of the alternative ways for the biomedical researchers to improve the elongation break of PLA. Currently, many researchers focus on polymeric materials such as PLA, poly(glycolic) acid and polydioxanone blends, which were extensively being used in CMF surgery. However, the work on PLA/PPC blends to be used as one of the materials for the CMF fixation plate is very limited, if any. PPC, the proposed material for this research, will improve the mechanical performance of PLA fixation plate and screw to become more sustainable and flexible when applied on human mandible bone. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.
format	Article
author	Mohamed Haneef, Intan Najwa Humaira Shaffiar, Norhashimah Buys, Yose Fachmi Abd Hamid, Abdul Malek
author_facet	Mohamed Haneef, Intan Najwa Humaira Shaffiar, Norhashimah Buys, Yose Fachmi Abd Hamid, Abdul Malek
author_sort	Mohamed Haneef, Intan Najwa Humaira
title	Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery
title_short	Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery
title_full	Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery
title_fullStr	Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery
title_full_unstemmed	Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery
title_sort	finite element analysis (fea) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (pla/ppc) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery
publisher	Emerald
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/24008/ https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-05-2019-0048
_version_	1662755210270867456
spelling	my.um.eprints.240082020-03-11T04:16:53Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/24008/ Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery Mohamed Haneef, Intan Najwa Humaira Shaffiar, Norhashimah Buys, Yose Fachmi Abd Hamid, Abdul Malek TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TS Manufactures Purpose: The internal fixation plate of bone fractures by using polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted the attention of many researchers, as it is biodegradable and biocompatible to the human body. However, its brittleness has led to implant fracture. On the contrary, polypropylene carbonate (PPC), which is also biodegradable and biocompatible, has an excellent elongation at break. The purpose of this paper is to compare the PLA fixation plate with the new fixation plate made up of PLA/PPC blends by using finite element analysis (FEA). Design/methodology/approach: The mandible bone from CT data set and fixation plate was designed by using the MIMICS, Amira and Solidworks softwares. Abaqus software was used for FEA of PLA/PPC fixation plate applied on the fractured mandible bone. A model of mandibular bone with a fracture in the body was subjected to incisor load. The analysis was run to determine the von Mises stress, elongation of the fixation plate and the displacement of the fractured gap of PLA/PPC blends fixation plate. Findings: The von Mises stress predicted that all the blend compositions were safe to be used as a fixation plate since the stress values were less than the yield strength. In addition, the stress value of the fixation plate was gradually decreased up to 20 percent when the amount of PPC increased to 30 percent. This indicates that the stress shielding effect was successfully reduced. The elongation of the fixation plate was gradually increased from 11.54 to 12.55 µm as the amount of PPC in the blends increased from 0 to 30 percent, thereby illustrating that the flexibility of the fixation plate was improved by the addition of PPC. Finally, the measured displacement of the fractured gap for all compositions of PLA/PPC blends fixation plate is less than 150 µm, which proves the likely success of fracture fixation by using the PLA/PPC blends. Research limitations/implications: An optimum solution of PLA/PPC blends and another new material such as compatibilizer need to be introduced in the blends in order to improve the performance of PLA/PPC blends as a new material for a fixation plate. Besides, by using the same method of producing PLA/PPC blends, longer durations for in vitro degradation of PLA/PPC blends are essential to further understand the degradation behavior of the blends applied in the human body. Finally, it is also important to further test the mechanical strength of PLA/PPC blends during the degradation period to know the current strength of the implant in the healing process of the bone. Practical implications: PLA fixation plate and screw can commercially be used in CMF surgery since they reduce cost because of the elimination of secondary surgery to remove the fixation plate and screw after the healing process. Social implications: It is hoped that the advantages of this research will ensure the market of PLA product to continue expanding in medical application. Originality/value: This study is one of the alternative ways for the biomedical researchers to improve the elongation break of PLA. Currently, many researchers focus on polymeric materials such as PLA, poly(glycolic) acid and polydioxanone blends, which were extensively being used in CMF surgery. However, the work on PLA/PPC blends to be used as one of the materials for the CMF fixation plate is very limited, if any. PPC, the proposed material for this research, will improve the mechanical performance of PLA fixation plate and screw to become more sustainable and flexible when applied on human mandible bone. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited. Emerald 2019 Article PeerReviewed Mohamed Haneef, Intan Najwa Humaira and Shaffiar, Norhashimah and Buys, Yose Fachmi and Abd Hamid, Abdul Malek (2019) Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery. International Journal of Structural Integrity, 10 (5). pp. 678-691. ISSN 1757-9864 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-05-2019-0048 doi:10.1108/IJSI-05-2019-0048
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Finite element analysis (FEA) of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC) blends fixation plate for craniomaxillofacial surgery

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