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Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis

This study investigated the viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives in distilled water and artificial saliva using dynamic mechanical analysis. The materials evaluated included a conventional composite (Filtek Z350), two bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill and Tetric N Cera...

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Main Authors: Ong, Joshua E-Xin, Yap, Adrian U-Jin, Hong, Ja Young, Eweis, Ahmed Hesham, Yahya, Noor Azlin
Format: Article
Published: Academy of Operative Dentistry 2018
Subjects:
RK Dentistry
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/21067/
https://doi.org/10.2341/16-365-L
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spelling my.um.eprints.210672019-04-24T08:09:38Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/21067/ Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis Ong, Joshua E-Xin Yap, Adrian U-Jin Hong, Ja Young Eweis, Ahmed Hesham Yahya, Noor Azlin RK Dentistry This study investigated the viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives in distilled water and artificial saliva using dynamic mechanical analysis. The materials evaluated included a conventional composite (Filtek Z350), two bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill and Tetric N Ceram), a bulk-fill giomer (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative), and two novel reinforced glass ionomer cements (Zirconomer [ZR] and Equia Forte [EQ]). The glass ionomer materials were also assessed with and without resin coating (Equia Forte Coat). Test specimens 12 × 2 × 2 mm of the various materials were fabricated using customized stainlesssteel molds. After light polymerization/initial set, the specimens were removed from the molds, finished, measured, and conditioned in distilled water or artificial saliva at 37°C for seven days. The materials (n=10) were then subjected to dynamic mechanical testing in flexure mode at 37°C and a frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent data were subjected to normality testing and statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance/Dunnett's test and t-Test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Mean storage modulus ranged from 3.16 ± 0.25 to 8.98 ± 0.44 GPa, while mean loss modulus ranged from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.65 ± 0.12 GPa for distilled water and artificial saliva. Values for loss tangent ranged from 45.7 ± 7.33 to 134.2 ± 12.36 (10 -3 ). Significant differences in storage/ loss modulus and loss tangent were observed between the various bulk-fill restoratives and two conditioning mediums. Storage modulus was significantly improved when EQ and ZR was not coated with resin. Academy of Operative Dentistry 2018 Article PeerReviewed Ong, Joshua E-Xin and Yap, Adrian U-Jin and Hong, Ja Young and Eweis, Ahmed Hesham and Yahya, Noor Azlin (2018) Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis. Operative Dentistry, 43 (3). pp. 307-314. ISSN 0361-7734 https://doi.org/10.2341/16-365-L doi:10.2341/16-365-L
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic RK Dentistry
spellingShingle RK Dentistry
Ong, Joshua E-Xin
Yap, Adrian U-Jin
Hong, Ja Young
Eweis, Ahmed Hesham
Yahya, Noor Azlin
Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
description This study investigated the viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives in distilled water and artificial saliva using dynamic mechanical analysis. The materials evaluated included a conventional composite (Filtek Z350), two bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill and Tetric N Ceram), a bulk-fill giomer (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative), and two novel reinforced glass ionomer cements (Zirconomer [ZR] and Equia Forte [EQ]). The glass ionomer materials were also assessed with and without resin coating (Equia Forte Coat). Test specimens 12 × 2 × 2 mm of the various materials were fabricated using customized stainlesssteel molds. After light polymerization/initial set, the specimens were removed from the molds, finished, measured, and conditioned in distilled water or artificial saliva at 37°C for seven days. The materials (n=10) were then subjected to dynamic mechanical testing in flexure mode at 37°C and a frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent data were subjected to normality testing and statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance/Dunnett's test and t-Test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Mean storage modulus ranged from 3.16 ± 0.25 to 8.98 ± 0.44 GPa, while mean loss modulus ranged from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.65 ± 0.12 GPa for distilled water and artificial saliva. Values for loss tangent ranged from 45.7 ± 7.33 to 134.2 ± 12.36 (10 -3 ). Significant differences in storage/ loss modulus and loss tangent were observed between the various bulk-fill restoratives and two conditioning mediums. Storage modulus was significantly improved when EQ and ZR was not coated with resin.
format Article
author Ong, Joshua E-Xin
Yap, Adrian U-Jin
Hong, Ja Young
Eweis, Ahmed Hesham
Yahya, Noor Azlin
author_facet Ong, Joshua E-Xin
Yap, Adrian U-Jin
Hong, Ja Young
Eweis, Ahmed Hesham
Yahya, Noor Azlin
author_sort Ong, Joshua E-Xin
title Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
title_short Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
title_full Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
title_fullStr Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Viscoelastic Properties of Contemporary Bulk-Fill Restoratives: A Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
title_sort viscoelastic properties of contemporary bulk-fill restoratives: a dynamic-mechanical analysis
publisher Academy of Operative Dentistry
publishDate 2018
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/21067/
https://doi.org/10.2341/16-365-L
_version_ 1643691457207336960
score 13.211869

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