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Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts

Purpose: Bone allografts supplied by University Malaya Medical Centre Bone Bank are sterilized by gamma radiation at 25 kGy in dry ice (DI) to minimize radiation effects. Use of cheaper and easily available cooling materials, gel ice (GI) and ice pack (IP), was explored. Composites of DI and GI were...

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Main Authors: Ramalingam, Saravana, Samsuddin, Sharifah Mazni, Yusof, Norimah, Mohd, Suhaili, Hanafi, Nurhafizatul Nadia, Ng, Wuey Min, Mansor, Azura
Format: Article
Published: SAGE Publications (UK and US) 2018
Subjects:
R Medicine
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/20935/
https://doi.org/10.1177/2309499018770906
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spelling my.um.eprints.209352019-04-16T08:15:45Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/20935/ Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts Ramalingam, Saravana Samsuddin, Sharifah Mazni Yusof, Norimah Mohd, Suhaili Hanafi, Nurhafizatul Nadia Ng, Wuey Min Mansor, Azura R Medicine Purpose: Bone allografts supplied by University Malaya Medical Centre Bone Bank are sterilized by gamma radiation at 25 kGy in dry ice (DI) to minimize radiation effects. Use of cheaper and easily available cooling materials, gel ice (GI) and ice pack (IP), was explored. Composites of DI and GI were also studied for the use in routine trans-portations and radiation process. Methods: (a) Five dummy bones were packed with DI, GI, or IP in a polystyrene box. The bone temperatures were monitored while the boxes were placed at room temperature over 96 h. Durations for each cooling material maintaining freezing temperatures below 40°C, 20°C, and 0°C were obtained from the bone temperature over time profiles. (b) Composites of DI (20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 kg) and GI were used to pack five dummy bones in a polystyrene box. The durations maintaining varying levels of freezing temperature were compared. Results: DI (20 kg) maintained temperature below 40°C for 76.4 h as compared to 6.3 h in GI (20 bags) and 4.0 h in IP (15 packs). Composites of 15DI (15 kg DI and 9 GI bags) and 10DI (10 kg DI and 17 GI bags) maintained the temperature below 40°C for 61 and 35.5 h, respectively. Conclusion: Composites of DI and GI can be used to maintain bones in deep frozen state during irradiation, thus avoiding radiation effects on biomechanical properties. Sterile frozen bone allograft with preserved functional properties is required in clinical applications. SAGE Publications (UK and US) 2018 Article PeerReviewed Ramalingam, Saravana and Samsuddin, Sharifah Mazni and Yusof, Norimah and Mohd, Suhaili and Hanafi, Nurhafizatul Nadia and Ng, Wuey Min and Mansor, Azura (2018) Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 26 (2). p. 230949901877090. ISSN 2309-4990 https://doi.org/10.1177/2309499018770906 doi:10.1177/2309499018770906
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic R Medicine
spellingShingle R Medicine
Ramalingam, Saravana
Samsuddin, Sharifah Mazni
Yusof, Norimah
Mohd, Suhaili
Hanafi, Nurhafizatul Nadia
Ng, Wuey Min
Mansor, Azura
Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts
description Purpose: Bone allografts supplied by University Malaya Medical Centre Bone Bank are sterilized by gamma radiation at 25 kGy in dry ice (DI) to minimize radiation effects. Use of cheaper and easily available cooling materials, gel ice (GI) and ice pack (IP), was explored. Composites of DI and GI were also studied for the use in routine trans-portations and radiation process. Methods: (a) Five dummy bones were packed with DI, GI, or IP in a polystyrene box. The bone temperatures were monitored while the boxes were placed at room temperature over 96 h. Durations for each cooling material maintaining freezing temperatures below 40°C, 20°C, and 0°C were obtained from the bone temperature over time profiles. (b) Composites of DI (20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 kg) and GI were used to pack five dummy bones in a polystyrene box. The durations maintaining varying levels of freezing temperature were compared. Results: DI (20 kg) maintained temperature below 40°C for 76.4 h as compared to 6.3 h in GI (20 bags) and 4.0 h in IP (15 packs). Composites of 15DI (15 kg DI and 9 GI bags) and 10DI (10 kg DI and 17 GI bags) maintained the temperature below 40°C for 61 and 35.5 h, respectively. Conclusion: Composites of DI and GI can be used to maintain bones in deep frozen state during irradiation, thus avoiding radiation effects on biomechanical properties. Sterile frozen bone allograft with preserved functional properties is required in clinical applications.
format Article
author Ramalingam, Saravana
Samsuddin, Sharifah Mazni
Yusof, Norimah
Mohd, Suhaili
Hanafi, Nurhafizatul Nadia
Ng, Wuey Min
Mansor, Azura
author_facet Ramalingam, Saravana
Samsuddin, Sharifah Mazni
Yusof, Norimah
Mohd, Suhaili
Hanafi, Nurhafizatul Nadia
Ng, Wuey Min
Mansor, Azura
author_sort Ramalingam, Saravana
title Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts
title_short Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts
title_full Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts
title_fullStr Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts
title_full_unstemmed Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts
title_sort performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts
publisher SAGE Publications (UK and US)
publishDate 2018
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/20935/
https://doi.org/10.1177/2309499018770906
_version_ 1643691423062556672
score 13.211869

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