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Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study

The lingual nerve is a terminal branch of the mandibular nerve. It is varied in its course and in its relationship to the mandibular alveolar crest, submandibular duct and also the related muscles in the floor of the mouth. This study aims to understand the course of the lingual nerve from the molar...

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Main Authors:	Al-Amery, S.M., Nambiar, Phrabhakaran, Naidu, Murali, Ngeow, Wei Cheong
Format:	Article
Published:	Public Library of Science 2016
Subjects:	R Medicine RK Dentistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/18189/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162773
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spelling	my.um.eprints.181892019-09-27T08:54:17Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/18189/ Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study Al-Amery, S.M. Nambiar, Phrabhakaran Naidu, Murali Ngeow, Wei Cheong R Medicine RK Dentistry The lingual nerve is a terminal branch of the mandibular nerve. It is varied in its course and in its relationship to the mandibular alveolar crest, submandibular duct and also the related muscles in the floor of the mouth. This study aims to understand the course of the lingual nerve from the molar area until its insertion into the tongue muscle. This cadaveric research involved the study of 14 hemi-mandibles and consisted of two parts: (i) obtaining morphometrical measurements of the lingual nerve to three landmarks on the alveolar ridge, and (b) understanding non-metrical or morphological appearance of its terminal branches inserting in the ventral surface of the tongue. The mean distance between the fourteen lingual nerves and the alveolar ridge was 12.36 mm, and they were located 12.03 mm from the lower border of the mandible. These distances were varied when near the first molar (M1), second molar (M2) and third molar (M3). The lingual nerve coursed on the floor of the mouth for approximately 25.43 mm before it deviated toward the tongue anywhere between the mesial of M1 and distal of M2. Thirteen lingual nerves were found to loop around the submandibular duct for an average distance of 6.92 mm (95% CI: 5.24 to 8.60 mm). Their looping occurred anywhere between the M2 and M3. In 76.9% of the cases the loop started around the M3 region and the majority (69.2%) of these looping ended at between the first and second molars and at the lingual developmental groove of the second molar. It gave out as many as 4 branches at its terminal end at the ventral surface of the tongue, with the presence of 2 branches being the most common pattern. An awareness of the variations of the lingual nerve is important to prevent any untoward complications or nerve injury and it is hoped that these findings will be useful for planning of surgical procedures related to the alveolar crest, submandibular gland/duct and surrounding areas. Public Library of Science 2016 Article PeerReviewed Al-Amery, S.M. and Nambiar, Phrabhakaran and Naidu, Murali and Ngeow, Wei Cheong (2016) Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study. PLoS ONE, 11 (9). e0162773. ISSN 1932-6203 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162773 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162773
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	R Medicine RK Dentistry
spellingShingle	R Medicine RK Dentistry Al-Amery, S.M. Nambiar, Phrabhakaran Naidu, Murali Ngeow, Wei Cheong Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study
description	The lingual nerve is a terminal branch of the mandibular nerve. It is varied in its course and in its relationship to the mandibular alveolar crest, submandibular duct and also the related muscles in the floor of the mouth. This study aims to understand the course of the lingual nerve from the molar area until its insertion into the tongue muscle. This cadaveric research involved the study of 14 hemi-mandibles and consisted of two parts: (i) obtaining morphometrical measurements of the lingual nerve to three landmarks on the alveolar ridge, and (b) understanding non-metrical or morphological appearance of its terminal branches inserting in the ventral surface of the tongue. The mean distance between the fourteen lingual nerves and the alveolar ridge was 12.36 mm, and they were located 12.03 mm from the lower border of the mandible. These distances were varied when near the first molar (M1), second molar (M2) and third molar (M3). The lingual nerve coursed on the floor of the mouth for approximately 25.43 mm before it deviated toward the tongue anywhere between the mesial of M1 and distal of M2. Thirteen lingual nerves were found to loop around the submandibular duct for an average distance of 6.92 mm (95% CI: 5.24 to 8.60 mm). Their looping occurred anywhere between the M2 and M3. In 76.9% of the cases the loop started around the M3 region and the majority (69.2%) of these looping ended at between the first and second molars and at the lingual developmental groove of the second molar. It gave out as many as 4 branches at its terminal end at the ventral surface of the tongue, with the presence of 2 branches being the most common pattern. An awareness of the variations of the lingual nerve is important to prevent any untoward complications or nerve injury and it is hoped that these findings will be useful for planning of surgical procedures related to the alveolar crest, submandibular gland/duct and surrounding areas.
format	Article
author	Al-Amery, S.M. Nambiar, Phrabhakaran Naidu, Murali Ngeow, Wei Cheong
author_facet	Al-Amery, S.M. Nambiar, Phrabhakaran Naidu, Murali Ngeow, Wei Cheong
author_sort	Al-Amery, S.M.
title	Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study
title_short	Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study
title_full	Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study
title_fullStr	Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study
title_full_unstemmed	Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study
title_sort	variation in lingual nerve course: a human cadaveric study
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/18189/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162773
_version_	1646210155798331392
score	13.211869

Variation in lingual nerve course: A human cadaveric study

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