The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley
Background: The public health issue of consuming groundwater is a major concern because people often extract groundwater directly from the aquifers either through wells or boreholes without treating it with any form of filtration system or chlorine disinfection. Based on the Malaysian National Drin...
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International Medical University, Malaysia
2014
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my.um.eprints.121012015-01-15T08:47:19Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/12101/ The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley Ambu, S. Yong, S.F.Y. Lim, Y.A.L. Wah, M.J. Chen, D.K.F. Ooi, S.S. Lee, S.P. Tan, T.M. Goh, M.Y. Nyanachendram, D. R Medicine Background: The public health issue of consuming groundwater is a major concern because people often extract groundwater directly from the aquifers either through wells or boreholes without treating it with any form of filtration system or chlorine disinfection. Based on the Malaysian National Drinking Water guidelines the current study was designed to provide a better understanding on the variable factors that are influencing the quality of well-water in an urbanised village in Malaysia. Well water quality assessment of heavy metals, chemicals, microbial and physical parameters were carried out for Sungai Buloh Village in the Klang Valley to ensure it was safe for human consumption. Materials and Methods: Water samples were collected from wells at four sites (Sites A,B,C,D), a river and a tap inside a house in Sungai Buloh village. Soil was sampled from the riverbed and area surrounding the wells. Samples were collected every two months over a one year duration from all sites. The water samples were processed and examined for viruses, coliforms and protozoa as well as for heavy metal contaminants. Results: The turbidity and colour ranged in the average of 0.57-0.13 Nephelometric Turbidity (NTU) and 4.16-5.00 Total Conjunctive Use (TCU) respectively for all sites except Site C. At Site C the turbidity level was 2.56 ± 1.38 NTU. The well-water was polluted with coliforms (1.2 to 2.4 x 103 CFU/100 ml) in all sites, E. coli (0.12 - 4 x 102 CFU/100 ml CFU/ 100 ml) and Cryptosporidium oocysts (0.4 cysts/100 ml). All the heavy metals and chemical parameters were within the Malaysian Guidelines’ limits except manganese. The average pH ranged from 5.44 - 6.62 and the temperature was 28 ºC. Conclusion: In summary, the well water at Sungai Buloh is considered unsafe for consumption due to pollution. Therefore the major thrust will be to provide better quality of drinking water to the residents of the village. International Medical University, Malaysia 2014 Article PeerReviewed Ambu, S. and Yong, S.F.Y. and Lim, Y.A.L. and Wah, M.J. and Chen, D.K.F. and Ooi, S.S. and Lee, S.P. and Tan, T.M. and Goh, M.Y. and Nyanachendram, D. (2014) The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley. International e-Journal of Science, Medicine and Education, 8 (3). pp. 28-44. ISSN 2231-8194 http://web.imu.edu.my/ejournal/approved/Nov14-5.OA4-Ambuetal.pdf |
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R Medicine Ambu, S. Yong, S.F.Y. Lim, Y.A.L. Wah, M.J. Chen, D.K.F. Ooi, S.S. Lee, S.P. Tan, T.M. Goh, M.Y. Nyanachendram, D. The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley |
| description |
Background:
The public health issue of consuming groundwater is a major concern because people often extract groundwater directly from the aquifers either through wells or boreholes without treating it with any form of filtration system or chlorine disinfection. Based on the Malaysian National Drinking Water
guidelines the current study was designed to provide a
better understanding on the variable factors that are
influencing the quality of well-water in an urbanised
village in Malaysia. Well water quality assessment of heavy metals, chemicals, microbial and physical parameters were carried out for Sungai Buloh Village in the Klang Valley to ensure it was safe for human consumption.
Materials and Methods:
Water samples were collected from wells at four sites (Sites A,B,C,D), a river and a tap inside a house in Sungai Buloh village. Soil was sampled from the riverbed and area surrounding the wells. Samples were collected every two months over a one year duration from all sites. The water samples were processed and examined for viruses, coliforms and protozoa as well as for heavy metal contaminants.
Results:
The turbidity and colour ranged in the average of 0.57-0.13 Nephelometric Turbidity (NTU) and 4.16-5.00 Total Conjunctive Use (TCU) respectively for all sites except Site C. At Site C the turbidity level was 2.56 ± 1.38 NTU. The well-water was polluted with coliforms (1.2 to 2.4 x 103
CFU/100 ml) in all sites, E. coli (0.12 - 4 x 102 CFU/100 ml CFU/ 100 ml) and Cryptosporidium oocysts (0.4 cysts/100 ml). All the heavy metals and chemical parameters were within the Malaysian Guidelines’ limits except manganese. The average pH ranged from 5.44 - 6.62 and the temperature
was 28 ºC.
Conclusion:
In summary, the well water at Sungai Buloh is considered unsafe for consumption due to pollution. Therefore the major thrust will be to provide better quality of drinking water to the residents of the village. |
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Article |
| author |
Ambu, S. Yong, S.F.Y. Lim, Y.A.L. Wah, M.J. Chen, D.K.F. Ooi, S.S. Lee, S.P. Tan, T.M. Goh, M.Y. Nyanachendram, D. |
| author_facet |
Ambu, S. Yong, S.F.Y. Lim, Y.A.L. Wah, M.J. Chen, D.K.F. Ooi, S.S. Lee, S.P. Tan, T.M. Goh, M.Y. Nyanachendram, D. |
| author_sort |
Ambu, S. |
| title |
The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley |
| title_short |
The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley |
| title_full |
The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley |
| title_fullStr |
The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the Klang Valley |
| title_sort |
chemical, heavy metal and microbial quality of well water in an urbanised village in the klang valley |
| publisher |
International Medical University, Malaysia |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://eprints.um.edu.my/12101/ http://web.imu.edu.my/ejournal/approved/Nov14-5.OA4-Ambuetal.pdf |
| _version_ |
1643689220131258368 |
| score |
13.211869 |