Staff View: ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]

ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]

The plastics industry has developed considerably since the invention of various routes for the production of polymers from petrochemical sources. Plastics have substantial benefits in terms of their low weight, durability and lower cost relative to many other material types (Andrady & Neal 2009;...

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Main Authors:	Che Rahmat, Ahmad Aizat, Suhaili, Mohd Azizi, Asbi, Mohd. Nuh, Ahmad Hairi, Muhammad Najib, Awang, Mohd. Fadzil
Format:	Entrepreneurship Project
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Small and medium-sized business. History Small business. Medium-sized business Management. Industrial Management Planning. Business planning. Strategic planning New business enterprises Project management Business
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49964/1/49964.pdf https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49964/
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id	my.uitm.ir.49964
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.uitm.ir.499642021-11-03T07:09:30Z https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49964/ ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.] Che Rahmat, Ahmad Aizat Suhaili, Mohd Azizi Asbi, Mohd. Nuh Ahmad Hairi, Muhammad Najib Awang, Mohd. Fadzil Small and medium-sized business. History Small business. Medium-sized business Management. Industrial Management Planning. Business planning. Strategic planning New business enterprises Project management Business The plastics industry has developed considerably since the invention of various routes for the production of polymers from petrochemical sources. Plastics have substantial benefits in terms of their low weight, durability and lower cost relative to many other material types (Andrady & Neal 2009; Thompson et al. 2009a). Worldwide polymer production was estimated to be 260 million metric tonnes per annum in the year 2007 for all polymers including thermoplastics, thermoset plastics, adhesives and coatings, but not synthetic fibres (PlasticsEurope 2008b). This indicates a historical growth rate of about 9 per cent p.a. Thermoplastic resins constitute around two-thirds of this production and their usage is growing at about 5 per cent p.a. globally (Andrady 2003). Today, plastics are almost completely derived from petrochemicals produced from fossil oil and gas. Around 4 per cent of annual petroleum production is converted directly into plastics from petrochemical feedstock (British Plastics Federation 2008). As the manufacture of plastics also requires energy, its production is responsible for the consumption of a similar additional quantity of fossil fuels. Approximately 50 per cent of plastics are used for single-use disposable applications, such as packaging, agricultural films and disposable consumer items, between 20 and 25% for long-term infrastructure such as pipes, cable coatings and structural materials, and the remainder for durable consumer applications with intermediate lifespan, such as in electronic goods, furniture, vehicles, etc. Post-consumer plastic waste generation across the European Union (EU) was 24.6 million tonnes in 2007 (PlasticsEurope 2008b). Recycling is clearly a waste-management strategy, but it can also be seen as one current example of implementing the concept of industrial ecology, whereas in a natural ecosystem there are no wastes but only products (Frosch & Gallopoulos 1989; McDonough & Braungart 2002). Recycling of plastics is one method for reducing environmental impact and resource depletion. Fundamentally, high levels of recycling, as with reduction in use, reuse and repair or re-manufacturing can allow for a given level of product service with lower material inputs than would otherwise be required. Recycling can therefore decrease energy and material usage per unit of output and so yield improved eco-efficiency (WBCSD 2000). Although, it should be noted that the ability to maintain whatever residual level of material input, plus the energy inputs and the effects of external impacts on ecosystems will decide the ultimate sustainability of the overall system. 2015 Entrepreneurship Project NonPeerReviewed text en https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49964/1/49964.pdf ID49964 Che Rahmat, Ahmad Aizat and Suhaili, Mohd Azizi and Asbi, Mohd. Nuh and Ahmad Hairi, Muhammad Najib and Awang, Mohd. Fadzil (2015) ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]. [Entrepreneurship Project] (Unpublished)
institution	Universiti Teknologi Mara
building	Tun Abdul Razak Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Mara
content_source	UiTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/
language	English
topic	Small and medium-sized business. History Small business. Medium-sized business Management. Industrial Management Planning. Business planning. Strategic planning New business enterprises Project management Business
spellingShingle	Small and medium-sized business. History Small business. Medium-sized business Management. Industrial Management Planning. Business planning. Strategic planning New business enterprises Project management Business Che Rahmat, Ahmad Aizat Suhaili, Mohd Azizi Asbi, Mohd. Nuh Ahmad Hairi, Muhammad Najib Awang, Mohd. Fadzil ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]
description	The plastics industry has developed considerably since the invention of various routes for the production of polymers from petrochemical sources. Plastics have substantial benefits in terms of their low weight, durability and lower cost relative to many other material types (Andrady & Neal 2009; Thompson et al. 2009a). Worldwide polymer production was estimated to be 260 million metric tonnes per annum in the year 2007 for all polymers including thermoplastics, thermoset plastics, adhesives and coatings, but not synthetic fibres (PlasticsEurope 2008b). This indicates a historical growth rate of about 9 per cent p.a. Thermoplastic resins constitute around two-thirds of this production and their usage is growing at about 5 per cent p.a. globally (Andrady 2003). Today, plastics are almost completely derived from petrochemicals produced from fossil oil and gas. Around 4 per cent of annual petroleum production is converted directly into plastics from petrochemical feedstock (British Plastics Federation 2008). As the manufacture of plastics also requires energy, its production is responsible for the consumption of a similar additional quantity of fossil fuels. Approximately 50 per cent of plastics are used for single-use disposable applications, such as packaging, agricultural films and disposable consumer items, between 20 and 25% for long-term infrastructure such as pipes, cable coatings and structural materials, and the remainder for durable consumer applications with intermediate lifespan, such as in electronic goods, furniture, vehicles, etc. Post-consumer plastic waste generation across the European Union (EU) was 24.6 million tonnes in 2007 (PlasticsEurope 2008b). Recycling is clearly a waste-management strategy, but it can also be seen as one current example of implementing the concept of industrial ecology, whereas in a natural ecosystem there are no wastes but only products (Frosch & Gallopoulos 1989; McDonough & Braungart 2002). Recycling of plastics is one method for reducing environmental impact and resource depletion. Fundamentally, high levels of recycling, as with reduction in use, reuse and repair or re-manufacturing can allow for a given level of product service with lower material inputs than would otherwise be required. Recycling can therefore decrease energy and material usage per unit of output and so yield improved eco-efficiency (WBCSD 2000). Although, it should be noted that the ability to maintain whatever residual level of material input, plus the energy inputs and the effects of external impacts on ecosystems will decide the ultimate sustainability of the overall system.
format	Entrepreneurship Project
author	Che Rahmat, Ahmad Aizat Suhaili, Mohd Azizi Asbi, Mohd. Nuh Ahmad Hairi, Muhammad Najib Awang, Mohd. Fadzil
author_facet	Che Rahmat, Ahmad Aizat Suhaili, Mohd Azizi Asbi, Mohd. Nuh Ahmad Hairi, Muhammad Najib Awang, Mohd. Fadzil
author_sort	Che Rahmat, Ahmad Aizat
title	ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]
title_short	ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]
title_full	ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]
title_fullStr	ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]
title_full_unstemmed	ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]
title_sort	ent 600 : reverse & reward vending machine (r²vm) / ahmad aizat che rahmat … [et al.]
publishDate	2015
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49964/1/49964.pdf https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49964/
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score	13.211869

ENT 600 : Reverse & Reward Vending Machine (R²VM) / Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat … [et al.]

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