Cover Image

Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim

Direct coal liquefaction on un-irradiated and microwave irradiated Mukah Balingian (MB) coal were successfully carried out in semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system at temperature and pressure of 300 - 450 °C and 4 MPa, respectively, using tetralin as hydrogen-donor solvent. The coal conversion...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kasim, Nur Nasulhah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2010
Subjects:
Extraction (Chemistry)
Online Access:https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27204/2/27204.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27204/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.uitm.ir.27204
record_format eprints
spelling my.uitm.ir.272042024-08-01T07:06:26Z https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27204/ Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim Kasim, Nur Nasulhah Extraction (Chemistry) Direct coal liquefaction on un-irradiated and microwave irradiated Mukah Balingian (MB) coal were successfully carried out in semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system at temperature and pressure of 300 - 450 °C and 4 MPa, respectively, using tetralin as hydrogen-donor solvent. The coal conversion, oil+gas, asphaltene and preasphaltene for un-irradiated coal sample obtained at optimum condition using response surface methodology (RSM) i.e., solvent flow rate of 7 ml min-1 and soaking time for 60 min, were 81%, 62%, 9% and 10%, respectively. It was observed that solvent flow rate and soaking time seem to have minimum influence on the coal conversion and oil+gas yield. In this study, microwave irradiation pretreatment was also applied on MB coal at power of 600W for 1 min. In the microwave irradiation pretreatment, as solvent flow rate increased from 7 to 15 ml min-1, slightly higher amount of coal conversion was obtained with comparison to the un-irradiated coal sample. The increased in solvent flow rate also resulted to an increased in percentages of asphaltene and preasphaltene with exception to the solvent flow rate of 10 ml min-1, that was due to conversion of these materials to oil+gas. There are two reasons for this observation i.e., insufficient of solvent at solvent flow rate of 7 ml min-1 and insufficient time of free radical reaction occurred during the liquefaction process at solvent flow rate of 15 ml min-1. The increased in coal conversion and oil+gas yield at solvent flow rate of 10 ml min-1 might due to the sufficient amount of the solvent to penetrate deeply into the coal macropores to cap the radicals instantaneously, and promote the volatile matter released from coal to produce light molecular weight product i.e., oil+gas. Coal liquefaction process of un-irradiated and microwave irradiated coal was being proposed using this reactor system. There are three stages that were monitored during the liquefaction process i.e., heating up, isothermal and free radical reaction stage. The asphaltene and preasphaltene could be obtained at heating up stage for both samples. Thus, it shows that the extraction process predominant at lower temperature of liquefaction process. Two reactions occurred at isothermal stage i.e., extraction and free radical reaction due to the oil+gas increased with reduction of asphaltene and preasphaltene as solvent flow rate increased. As temperature increased from 400 ~ 450 °C, insufficient of solvent might increase the formation asphaltene and preasphaltene and promote the retrogressive reaction to occur. Sufficient amount of solvent available to stabilize the free radical species resulted higher amount of oil+gas obtained during this stage. In brief, free radical reaction predominant at this stage to increased coal conversion and oil+gas yield. Thus, the semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system could be a promising approach in understanding coal liquefaction process at lower and higher liquefaction temperatures. 2010 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27204/2/27204.pdf Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim. (2010) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). <http://terminalib.uitm.edu.my/27204.pdf>
institution Universiti Teknologi Mara
building Tun Abdul Razak Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Mara
content_source UiTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.uitm.edu.my/
language English
topic Extraction (Chemistry)
spellingShingle Extraction (Chemistry)
Kasim, Nur Nasulhah
Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim
description Direct coal liquefaction on un-irradiated and microwave irradiated Mukah Balingian (MB) coal were successfully carried out in semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system at temperature and pressure of 300 - 450 °C and 4 MPa, respectively, using tetralin as hydrogen-donor solvent. The coal conversion, oil+gas, asphaltene and preasphaltene for un-irradiated coal sample obtained at optimum condition using response surface methodology (RSM) i.e., solvent flow rate of 7 ml min-1 and soaking time for 60 min, were 81%, 62%, 9% and 10%, respectively. It was observed that solvent flow rate and soaking time seem to have minimum influence on the coal conversion and oil+gas yield. In this study, microwave irradiation pretreatment was also applied on MB coal at power of 600W for 1 min. In the microwave irradiation pretreatment, as solvent flow rate increased from 7 to 15 ml min-1, slightly higher amount of coal conversion was obtained with comparison to the un-irradiated coal sample. The increased in solvent flow rate also resulted to an increased in percentages of asphaltene and preasphaltene with exception to the solvent flow rate of 10 ml min-1, that was due to conversion of these materials to oil+gas. There are two reasons for this observation i.e., insufficient of solvent at solvent flow rate of 7 ml min-1 and insufficient time of free radical reaction occurred during the liquefaction process at solvent flow rate of 15 ml min-1. The increased in coal conversion and oil+gas yield at solvent flow rate of 10 ml min-1 might due to the sufficient amount of the solvent to penetrate deeply into the coal macropores to cap the radicals instantaneously, and promote the volatile matter released from coal to produce light molecular weight product i.e., oil+gas. Coal liquefaction process of un-irradiated and microwave irradiated coal was being proposed using this reactor system. There are three stages that were monitored during the liquefaction process i.e., heating up, isothermal and free radical reaction stage. The asphaltene and preasphaltene could be obtained at heating up stage for both samples. Thus, it shows that the extraction process predominant at lower temperature of liquefaction process. Two reactions occurred at isothermal stage i.e., extraction and free radical reaction due to the oil+gas increased with reduction of asphaltene and preasphaltene as solvent flow rate increased. As temperature increased from 400 ~ 450 °C, insufficient of solvent might increase the formation asphaltene and preasphaltene and promote the retrogressive reaction to occur. Sufficient amount of solvent available to stabilize the free radical species resulted higher amount of oil+gas obtained during this stage. In brief, free radical reaction predominant at this stage to increased coal conversion and oil+gas yield. Thus, the semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system could be a promising approach in understanding coal liquefaction process at lower and higher liquefaction temperatures.
format Thesis
author Kasim, Nur Nasulhah
author_facet Kasim, Nur Nasulhah
author_sort Kasim, Nur Nasulhah
title Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim
title_short Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim
title_full Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim
title_fullStr Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim
title_full_unstemmed Liquefaction of Mukah Balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / Nur Nasulhah Kasim
title_sort liquefaction of mukah balingian low rank coal using semi-continuous solvent flow reactor system / nur nasulhah kasim
publishDate 2010
url https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27204/2/27204.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27204/
_version_ 1806454644912685056
score 13.211869

Similar Items