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Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad

Although there were several studies regarding the benefits of soybean to health, only a few focused on neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the role of fermented soybean has not been documented as neuroprotective agent. The present study is therefore aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects...

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Main Author: Ahmad, Aliya
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2013
Subjects:
Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic)
Online Access:https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/1/TM_ALIYA%20AHMAD%20PH%2013_5.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/
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spelling my.uitm.ir.155602022-03-01T02:02:27Z https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/ Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad Ahmad, Aliya Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic) Although there were several studies regarding the benefits of soybean to health, only a few focused on neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the role of fermented soybean has not been documented as neuroprotective agent. The present study is therefore aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of total isoflavones from soybean and tempeh extracts. Total isoflavones were extracted from soybean and tempeh. The methanolic extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis to quantify the amount of isoflavones present in soybean and tempeh. The animal study was set up for two models as normal and scopolamine-induced (dementia model). The rats (n=6) were given oral administration of soybean and tempeh extracts (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), piracetam (400 mg/kg) as standard and normal saline as control for 15 days. Both models were tested for radial arm maze task (RAM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) task for the measurement of memory and learning behavior. On 30th day, after the behavior study and treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The brain and serum were collected for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) measurement. For neuroinflammatory analysis, two cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1P) were also measured. The HPLC analysis showed that tempeh possessed higher aglycone level which indicated higher bioavailability as compared to soybean glycoside. The results of the in vitro studies highlighted that tempeh extract exerted more radical scavenging effect and ferrous ion chelating as compared to soybean extract. For p-secretase (BACE1) inhibition, tempeh extract also showed a lower IC50 value as compared to soybean extract although not enough evidence to statistically significant. In vivo memory models, showed significant improvement of memory enhancing by both extracts as compared to control in both normal and scopolamine-induced models. Significant values (p < 0.05) were higher in tempeh treated groups. Similarly, the improvement of antioxidants SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and reduction in oxidative parameters LPO and NO were higher in tempeh compared to control. Furthermore, higher cholinergic activity such as improved the Ach level and declined the AChE activity were observed in tempeh as compared to control. For the inflammatory study, IL-10 was significantly up-regulated while IL-ip was significantly down-regulated in both soybean and tempeh treated group as compared to control and scopolamine group. This suggested soybean and tempeh as a beneficial food for anti-inflammation within the brain. As a conclusion, tempeh extract exerted higher neuroprotective activities than soybean. Hence, consumption of tempeh, is more health beneficial than soybean. 2013 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/1/TM_ALIYA%20AHMAD%20PH%2013_5.pdf ID15560 Ahmad, Aliya (2013) Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad. Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
institution Universiti Teknologi Mara
building Tun Abdul Razak Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Mara
content_source UiTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ir.uitm.edu.my/
language English
topic Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic)
spellingShingle Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic)
Ahmad, Aliya
Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
description Although there were several studies regarding the benefits of soybean to health, only a few focused on neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the role of fermented soybean has not been documented as neuroprotective agent. The present study is therefore aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of total isoflavones from soybean and tempeh extracts. Total isoflavones were extracted from soybean and tempeh. The methanolic extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis to quantify the amount of isoflavones present in soybean and tempeh. The animal study was set up for two models as normal and scopolamine-induced (dementia model). The rats (n=6) were given oral administration of soybean and tempeh extracts (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), piracetam (400 mg/kg) as standard and normal saline as control for 15 days. Both models were tested for radial arm maze task (RAM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) task for the measurement of memory and learning behavior. On 30th day, after the behavior study and treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The brain and serum were collected for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) measurement. For neuroinflammatory analysis, two cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1P) were also measured. The HPLC analysis showed that tempeh possessed higher aglycone level which indicated higher bioavailability as compared to soybean glycoside. The results of the in vitro studies highlighted that tempeh extract exerted more radical scavenging effect and ferrous ion chelating as compared to soybean extract. For p-secretase (BACE1) inhibition, tempeh extract also showed a lower IC50 value as compared to soybean extract although not enough evidence to statistically significant. In vivo memory models, showed significant improvement of memory enhancing by both extracts as compared to control in both normal and scopolamine-induced models. Significant values (p < 0.05) were higher in tempeh treated groups. Similarly, the improvement of antioxidants SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and reduction in oxidative parameters LPO and NO were higher in tempeh compared to control. Furthermore, higher cholinergic activity such as improved the Ach level and declined the AChE activity were observed in tempeh as compared to control. For the inflammatory study, IL-10 was significantly up-regulated while IL-ip was significantly down-regulated in both soybean and tempeh treated group as compared to control and scopolamine group. This suggested soybean and tempeh as a beneficial food for anti-inflammation within the brain. As a conclusion, tempeh extract exerted higher neuroprotective activities than soybean. Hence, consumption of tempeh, is more health beneficial than soybean.
format Thesis
author Ahmad, Aliya
author_facet Ahmad, Aliya
author_sort Ahmad, Aliya
title Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_short Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_full Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_fullStr Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_full_unstemmed Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_sort comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / aliya ahmad
publishDate 2013
url https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/1/TM_ALIYA%20AHMAD%20PH%2013_5.pdf
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/
_version_ 1726795628648857600
score 13.211869

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